RF Amplifier Design

Lesson 4

A Course Prepared By
Firas Mohammed Ali
IEEE Member
firas@ieee.org

1
 Transmission Line Matching Networks
At microwave frequencies distributed elements are widely used
instead of lumped components because the wavelength of the
signal becomes sufficiently small compared with the circuit
dimensions.

The transformation
property of the
transmission line is very
useful in the design of
matching networks.

2
 Terminated Transmission Line

β=2π/λ

Pieces of transmission lines can be used as series elements

in matching networks
3
Matched Line

4
 Shorted Stubs
Shorted lines can be used as parallel
inductive or capacitive elements.

Variation of impedance of the shorted

stub with electrical length 5
 Open-Circuited Stubs
Opened lines can also be used as parallel
capacitive or inductive elements.

Yoc  jYo tan(  )

Variation of impedance of the open-

circuited stub with electrical length 6
 λ/4 Transformer

A transmission line with length of λ/4

can be used to transform a real
impedance ZL into another real
impedance Zin if its characteristic
impedance is given by:

7
Design Example 1

Design of a matching network to transform a load impedance

of 20-j30 Ω into a source impedance of 50 Ω at 1GHz.
zL=ZL/50=0.4-j0.6

A constant VSWR circle is

sketched passing through
zL(Point A) and intersecting
the constant conductance
circle (g=1) at Point B. The
direction of movement is CW
( Toward Generator).

ℓ1= 0.095λ+0.078λ = 0.173λ

θ1= βℓ1= 62.25o

yB=1-j1.38 ; yC=1+j0

yoc = yC-yB= j1.38 =j tan(βℓ2)

ℓ2 = 0.15λ ; θ2 = βℓ2 = 54o

8
The Designed Matching Circuit

9
Matching Network Simulation

10
Simulation
Results for
Design 1

11
Design Example 2
Design of a matching network to transform a load impedance of 20-j30
Ω into a source impedance of 50 Ω at 1GHz using series transmission
line and λ/4 transformer.

ℓ1=0.095 λ ; θ1= 34.2o

Zo1 = 50 Ω

zB= 0.29
ZB= 50 × 0.29= 14.5 Ω

Zo2=(14.5×50)0.5 = 27 Ω

ℓ2=0.25 λ ; θ2= 90o

12
13
Simulation
Results for
Design 2

14
Design Example 3
Design of a matching network to transform a load impedance of 20-j30
Ω into a source impedance of 50 Ω at 1GHz using series transmission
line and shunt capacitor.

ℓ1= 0.173λ

θ1= βℓ1= 62.25o

yB= 1-j1.38 ; yC = 1+j0

yC1 = yC-yB= j1.38

YC1= Yo.yC1 = j 0.0276 S

C1 = YC1/(2πf) = 4.4 pF

15
16
Simulation
Results for
Design 3

17