HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL

HAZARDS
OBJECTIVES:
1. Distinguish and differentiate among different
hydrometeorological hazards,
2. Apply appropriate measures/interventions
before, during and after hydrometeorological
hazards, and
3. Use available tools for monitoring
hydrometeorological hazards.
 Most Common Hydrometeorological Hazards
By: National Ocianic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

A.CYCLONE- An intense low pressure system

which is characterized by strong spiral winds
towards the center, called “EYE” in a counter-
clockwise flow in the northern hemisphere.
- Strong winds with heavy rainfall that
can cause widespread flooding/ flash floods,
storm surges, landslides and mudflows.
 Classification of Cyclone
• Tropical Depression- maximum winds from
35KPH-63KPH.
• Tropical Storm- maximum winds from 64 kph-
118kph.
• Typhoom- maximum winds exceeding 118 kph.
*TYPHOON
- a large, powerful and violent tropical
cyclone.
- It is called a Hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean,
Cyclone in the Indian Ocean and Wily-wily in
Australia.
- A low pressure area rotating
counterclockwise and containing rising warm air
that forms over warm water in the western Pacific
Ocean.
B. THUNDERSTORM
- A weather condition that produces
lightning and thunder, heavy rainfall from
cumulonimbus clouds and possibility a tornado.
- It is a violent local atmospheric
disturbance accompanied by lightning, thunder,
and heavy rain , and often by strong gusts of wind,
and sometimes by hail.
C. TORNADO
- Described as a violently rotating column of air
extending from a thunderstorm to the ground.
- Comes in many sizes but are typically in the
form of a visible condensation funnel whose
narrow and touches the earth and is encircled by
a cloud of debris.
- It can have a wide range of colors depending
on the environment.
D.1. FLASH FLOOD
- A rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas
like washes, rivers, dry lakes and basins.
- It caused by heavy rain associated with a severe
thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or melt
water from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or
snowfields.
- may occur after the collapse of a natural ice or
debris dam or a human structure such as a man
made dam.
D.2. FLOOD
- the inundation of land areas which are not
normally covered by water.
- Usually caused by a temporary rise or the
over-flowing of a river, stream, or other water
course, inundating adjacent lands or flood plains.
E. STORM SURGE
- a rise or sea water above normal sea level on the
coast, generated by the action of weather elements,
such as cyclonic wind and atmospheric pressure.
- Sea level is raised and driven towards the coast.

F. EL NINO AND LA NINA

- Sometimes referred to as the cold phase and
warm phase of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
SATELITE- The most advanced technology used
in monitoring a cyclone or typhoon. It can
visualize in real time the information and the path
of a cyclone.
Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR)
- Radar detection devices emit and receive
radio wave to determine the distance from the
source to the object by measuring the time if it
takes for the echo of the wave to return.
• WEATHER RADAR
- Measures the direction and the speed
of moving objects, and has capacity to measure
the velocity of the particles in order to determine
the rate of which the particles are falling.
DOPPLER RADAR works by detecting the
presence and location of an objects by bouncing
a radio wave off of it and detecting the time it
takes for the signal to return.
Note:
“The Philippines is being archipelagic in its
geographical nature and situated in the
PACIFIC RINK OF FIRE is prone to different
kinds of hazards including hydrometeorological
hazard. The country is also affected by El Nino
and La Nina- the two complex weather
patterns from variations in ocean temperatures
in the EQUATORIAL PACIFIC.”
 PREPAREDNESS AND MITIGATION
A. TYPHOON
Before
1.Establish and maintain coordination with Barangay
Disaster Coordinating Councils ( BDCC) and personnel.
2.Ensure that house can withstand heavy rain and
strong winds. House built at ground level may be
anchored by wires to strengthen the stability of the
structure.
3. Learn more about typhoon and weather
disturbances, their signs and warnings, effects
and dangers and how to protect the house and
other properties.
4. Learn something relevant to mitigation and
preparedness for tropical cyclones.
5. Participation actively in the schools disaster
response – drill or simulation.
During
1.Monitor through radio or other reliable sources
the latest official report of PAGASA on the
typhoon.
2. When house is no longer safe , evacuate
emmediately to safer place like evacuation
centers or house of relatives that are proven
stable and can withstand strong wind and rain.
3. Stay indoors and away from windows.
4. Keep an open line for communication with
relatives that are not affected to keep them
posted.
5. Ensure that members of the family will
remain calm by keeping the informed of the
latest developments.
After
1.Help in attending to victims immediately . For minor
cuts and wounds apply first aid.
2. In case of major cuts and wounds, seek necessary
medical assistance at disaster station or hospital.
3. Help in checking the house for damages and losses.
Note damages that require immediate repair, e.g.
electrical connections and water supply .
4. Coordinate with the Barangay official and LGU’s for
assistance.
B. THUNDERSTORM

-Before
1.Lean more about your area’s severe thunderstorm risk.
2. Discuss how you would know if a thunderstorm may
produce a tornado.
3.Duscusshow to be warned of an approaching
thunderstorm.
4. Recommend trimming and removal of dead or rotting
trees that could fall and may cause damage or injury.
5. Secure outdoor objects that could be blown away
and cause damage.
6. Secure house doors and windows both from the
inside and outside.
7. Learn how to estimate the distance of the
thunderstorm by computing the difference in time
(second) between seeing the flash of lighting and
hearing the clasp of thunder.(1 second =1000 ft.).
-During
1. Learn to do the lighting safety position and stay
away from structures, tree, towers, fences, telephone
line, or power lines if out in the open.
2. Carefully watch out for filling debris and flashfloods.
3. Stay calm through out the occurrence of
thunderstorm .
4.Pospon all outdoor activities.
5. Avoid plumbing and bathroom fixtures that are god
conductor of electricity .
6. Unplug or turn off all appliances and other electrical
items such us computers. Electric power surges and
storm lighting can cause serious damage to these
appliances.
7. Turn off the air conditioner and television, and stay
off the phone until the storm is over . Use a battery
operated radio for gaining information .
8. Choose and move to a “safe place” in your house (if
there is any) where members of the family can gather
together during a thunderstorm preferably on the
lowest floor of your house. These should be a place
where there are no windows , skylights, or glass doors,
which could be broken by strong winds or hail, causing
damage or injury.
C.Tornado
• Before
1. Develop preparedness plan for the whole family.
2. Have periodic drills with the members of the family.
3. Inspect pre-designated areas to ensure the best
protection.
4. Keep an open line communication with other members of
the family.
5. Listen to radio and television for information.
6. Store flashlights and back-up batteries to receive warning
response.
During
1.Move to a pre-designated area or an interior
room on the lowest floor and get under a sturdy
piece of furniture.
2. Stay away from windows.
3. Lie flat in a depression if caught outside your
house/school or any building.
After
1. Attend to survivors immediately.
2. Check the house for damage and losses.
3. Coordinate with proper authorities for
assistance
D. Flood and flashflood
Before
1.Find out the frequency of occurrence of floods in
the locality, especially those that affect your area.
2. Know the flood warning system in your locality. If
none exists, recommend to the appropriate
authority for the creation of one.
3. Research from previous occurrences how fast
the water floods occur in your area and how high it
rises.
4.If it has been raining hard for several hours, or steadily
raining for several days, be alert to the possibility of a
flood. Floods happen as the ground became saturated.
5. Watch out for rapidly rising water and help prepare
the family for evacuation.
6.Switch off the electricity and lock the rooms after all
have gone out.
7. Have a handy survival kit. It should be contain battery-
operated transistor radio, flashlight, emergency cooking
equipment, candles, matches and first aid kit.
During
1.Stay calm and keep updated with the status of
the situation and safety reminders on what to do
and where to go in incase of evacuation.
2. Listen continuously to radio or a portable
battery powered radio,for updated emergency
information.
3. Do not attempt to cross flowing streams unless
assured that the water is below knee level.
4. Avoid areas prone to flash flooding and be
cautious of water-covered roads, bridges,
creeks, and stream banks and recently flooded
areas.
5. Do not go swimming or boating in swollen
rivers.
6. Watchout for snakes in flooded areas.
7. Eat only well cooked food and drink only
clean water or preferably boiled water .
After
1. Report broken utility (electricity, water, gas, etc.)
emmediately to appropriate agencies/authorities.
2.Ensure that electrical appliances are checked by
a competent electrician before switching then on.
3. Avoid affected areas.
4. Continue to listen to a radio or local television
stations and return home only when authorities
indicated it is safe to do.
E.Storm Surge
Before
1. Know the storm surge risk zones and identify safer
grondsfor relocation if necessary.
2. Stay off the beach when weather disturbanceexists.
……To be continue,,,bye…
 ASSESSMENT

1. Discuss briefly the different

hydrometeorological hazards.
2. How do you differentiate a tropical
depression from a typhoon?
3. What is the difference between a flood
and a flash flood?
THANK….