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Table of
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Data Privacy 1
What is Data ?

Data is raw fact and figure that need to be processed to extract

meaningful information
The term big data refers to data sets that are too massive, so quickly built
and so varied that defy traditional analysis methods such as you might
perform with a relational database. Bog data is often described in terms of
five V’s; velocity, volume, variety, veracity and value.

Examples Numbers, text, images etc.

What is Data Analysis ?

The systematic process of inspecting, transforming, and modeling data to

discover meaningful information, draw conclusion, and support decision-
making

Is the process and method for extracting knowledge and insights from large
volumes of disparate data. It’s an interdisciplinary field involving probability,
programming, mathematics, statistical analysis, data visualization, and more

It’s what makes it possible for us to appropriate information, see patterns

find meaning from large volumes of data and use it to make decisions that
drive business
.
Why Is Data Analysis Important ?

The systematic process of inspecting, transforming, and modeling data to

discover meaningful information, draw conclusion, and support • Informed Decision-Making
decision-
Data analysismaking
plays a pivotal role in today's data-driven • Identifying Trends and Patterns:
world. It helps organizations harness the power of data, • Optimizing Performance
enabling them to make
Is the processdecisions, optimize
and method processes,knowledge
for extracting and and•insights from large
Risk Management
gain a competitive
volumes edge. By turning
of disparate rawIt’s
data. data
aninto • Understanding
meaningful field involving
interdisciplinary probability,Customer Behavior:
insights, dataprogramming,
analysis empowers businesses
mathematics, to identify
statistical • Drivingand
analysis, data visualization, more
Innovation
opportunities, mitigate risks, and enhance their overall • Competitive Advantage
performance.
It’s what makes it possible for us to appropriate information,
• Enhancing
see
Efficiency and
patterns
Productivity:
find meaning from large volumes of data and use it to make decisions that
drive business
.
 Types of Data

By structure By type By variable type

• Structured data: • Cross sectional data: • Categorical data:

Example- A database Data collected on  Nominal data: Examples-Types of fruits
table containing different elements at (e.g., apple, banana, orange)
information about the same point for the  Ordinal data: Example: Ranking of
employees, such as same period of time. customer satisfaction levels (e.g., "very
employee ID, name, • Time series data: Data satisfied," "satisfied," "neutral,"
department, and collected on the same "dissatisfied," "very dissatisfied").
salary. element for the same • Numeric data:
• Unstructured data: variable at different  Continuous data: Example: Height of
Example - text, points for different students in a class, which can be any
images, videos, audio period of time. value within a range (e.g., 150 cm,
files, etc. 155.6 cm, 162.3 cm, etc.).
 Discrete data: Example: The number of
students in a classroom
 Data Analysis process

Interpretation
Data Data Exploratory Data &
collection preprocessing data analysis modeling Visualization
 Tools for Data Analysis

Programming languages
Business intelligence
tools Python, R
Tableau, Power BI

Spreadsheet software Statistical tools

Microsoft Excel, Google SPSS, SAS
sheets.

Database tools Machine leaning frameworks

SQL, MongoDB Scikit-learn, TensorFlow,
PyTorch
 Data Analysis Techniques to Analyze Data

01 Descriptive Statistics 05 Time series Analysis

02 Inferential Statistics
06 Text Analysis ( NLP)

Principe Component
03 Regression Analysis
07 Analysis

04 Clustering Analysis 08 GIS Analysis

Applications of Data Analysis

Logistics
Transportation

Banking sector Web search

Healthcare Industries Using Customer care

DATA
ANALYSIS
Retail industry Business decision
making

Security Streamlining
enhancement operations
 Challenges in Data Analysis

Data quality Selecting the Data from

Missing data
issues right analytics multiple
tools sources

1 2 3 4

8 7 6 5

Ethical Scalability & resource

Overfitting Bias
consideration management
Conclusion

• Data Analysis is a powerful tool: Enables organizations to unlock insights,

make informed decisions, and drive positive outcomes.

• Key takeaways:
 Understanding the types of data
 The data analysis process: from collection to interpretation.
 The importance of data visualization
 Challenges such as data quality and ethical considerations

• Data-driven decision-making: Organizations can optimize performance,

mitigate risks, and innovate to stay competitive.

• Continuous learning: Data analysis is an evolving field, and embracing lifelong

learning is essential to stay abreast of new tools, techniques, and best
practices.
Thank
You