19 TH OF APRIL

MODALS DEDUCTION PAST

 SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

•We use should have + past

participle to talk about things we
regret.
I GOT REALLY WET WALKING HOME
LAST NIGHT, I SHOULD HAVE
TAKEN AN UMBRELLA.

• The speaker did not take an umbrella when she went out last
night so she got wet. She regrets that she did not take her
umbrella.
 MODALS DEDUCTION PAST

• We can use modal verbs to talk about how sure or

unsure we are about something in the past just as we
use modals in the present with a slight change in the
form.
HE MUST BE REALLY HE MUST HAVE BEEN
HAPPY ABOUT HIS VERY HAPPY WHEN
PROMOTION. HE WAS TOLD ABOUT
(PRESENT HIS PROMOTION.
DEDUCTION) (PAST DEDUCTION)
• When we use a modal verb to talk about a
situation where we are not expressing a
fact but we are using deduction the form
is

MODAL + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE(V3)

 MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

• We use ‘must have + past participle’ when we

are quite sure about something.
He must have forgotten his phone at home again.
He’s not answering.
I must have left my keys in the car. I can’t find
them.
 MIGHT HAVE/MAY HAVE/COULD
HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

• We use ‘might have/may have/could have + past

participle’ when we are not sure about something but we
think it was possible.

He may have said he was coming but I can’t really

remember. I wasn’t listening.
I might have been here when I was a child but I
can’t really remember.
 CAN’T HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

• We use ‘can’t have + past participle’ for things

that we are sure did not happen in the past.

You can’t have seen him this morning. He was

with me all the time.
She can’t have liked the show. She hates musicals.
 SHE ___
MISUNDERSTOOD MY
DIRECTIONS. WHY ELSE
IS SHE LATE?
HE ___ GONE TO THE
BEACH. HE HATES
BEING IN THE SUN.
I ___ WRITTEN DOWN
THE NUMBER
INCORRECTLY. I'VE
JUST CALLED A
HOSPITAL NOT THE
RESTAURANT.
THEY ___ BEEN AT THE
CAFE BUT I DIDN'T SEE
THEM.
 JOHN ___ BEEN VERY
HAPPY WHEN HE
FOUND OUT HE WAS
GOING TO BE A FATHER.
HE'S WANTED THIS FOR
A LONG TIME.
 HE ___ GONE TO THE
CITY CENTRE. HE DID
SAY HE WANTED TO GO
SHOPPING.
COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES BY WRITING A SUITABLE
MODAL VERB AND THE VERB IN BRACKETS IN THE
CORRECT FORM (PRESENT OR PAST) IN THE GAPS.

• 1. Everyone in the class ………………………… (work) incredibly hard because you have all
passed the exam!
• 2. I think she ………………………… (be) a really happy person because she’s always smiling
and laughing.
• 3. Jamie woke up in the night screaming. He ………………………… (have) a nightmare.
• 4. I don’t know why Irina hasn’t arrived yet. She ………………………… (have to) stay on late
at school, or she ………………………… (stop) on the way home to see some friends.
• 5. I don’t know how old the teacher is, but he looks quite young, so he …………………………
(be) more than 25.
• 6. They say it ………………………… (rain) at the weekend, so we won’t be able to play
football on Saturday.
 COMPLETE THE
SENTENCES USING
MODALS OF
DEDUCTION AND
WRITE FULL
SENTENCES IN
YOUR COPYBOOKS
 COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH MODALS
HW OF DEDUCTION IN PAST OR PRESENT SIMPLE.

• The boys look so sad. They _______________ the football match yesterday.
• The music next door is so loud! They _______________ a party.
• His bedroom light is still on. He _______________ a book.
• Andrew's good friends with Tom. He _______________ her phone number.
• Why did you tell him the truth? You _______________ that he didn't want to
hear it.
• Dave's got a new car. He _______________ a pay rise at work.
• That girl looks bored. She _______________ .
 HW

COMPLETE THE
SENTENCES USING
MODALS OF
DEDUCTION AND
WRITE FULL
SENTENCES IN
YOUR COPYBOOKS