EVALUATION OF ECO-

EFFICIENCY OF
NAPIER GRASS
(ELEPHANT GRASS)
AND MISSSION GRASS
(PENNISETUM
POLYSTACHION) IN
BIOGAS PRODUCTION
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

• Biogas is a mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen sulphide

produced during the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter (Luostarinen et

al., 2011).

• Biogas is a clean-burning methane-rich gas produced through anaerobic digestion

(bacterial action in the absence of air) of organic feed stocks (crop residues or

animal dung).
 Introduction
(Continued…)
• The process of producing
biogas is anaerobic and is
subdivided into:
• Hydrolysis
• Acidogenesis
• Acetogenesis
• Methanogenesis
1.2 Statement of The Research Problem
• Production of biogas from Eco-efficient material (Napier and Mission) grass
under anaerobic digestion as methane can be used to replace non-renewable
energy resources.

• Napier and Mission grass which do not need to be cultivated and often
neglected; if properly utilized will be a suitable alternative feedstock for
biogas production hence, solving the problem of energy scarcity.

• The availability and accessibility of the material will save cost for the
production of biogas.
 1.3 Aim and Objectives
• The aim of this research work is to produce biogas from Napier and mission grass

as alternatives source for feedstock to conventional feedstocks and unveil the

potentials of biogas from underutilized sources such as Napier grass and mission

grass which are available in our environment.

• To achieve the aim stated above, the following objectives will be carried out:

 (i)production of biogas from Napier and mission grass

 (ii)Evaluation of percentage of biogas produced

 (iii)Design of the biogas digester (Reactor)

 (iv)Characterization of the biogas produce

 1.4 Scope and limitation of the study
• This research seeks to develop a low cost and Eco-efficient biogas
from napier and mission grass, a natural resources found in
abundance.
• The study is limited to biogas production from napier and mission
grass,
• The feedstocks under investigation was chosen based on its high
content of methane when decomposed
 1.5 Significance of the study

• This study seeks to research on the potential of Napier and mission grass

as feedstocks for biogas production.

• The study will also provide inputs on how napier and mission grass which

is normally used as cattle feed can be put into a useful resource to solve

scarcity of energy problem as well as enhance the capacity of academic

community for further research.

 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
• Review of Related Work
• Narinthorn et al. (2018), investigated the biomethane
potential of Napier grass. For this, the authors applied
combined alkaline and biological pretreatment methods
as a strategy to enhance biomethane yields from Napier
grass. The results reveal that alkaline pretreatment
method increased the anaerobic digestibility from 49%
(untreated grass) to 77% and improved the biomethane
yields by about 34%.
 Review of Related Work (Continue...)

• Liu et al. (2013), investigated the potential of Napier grass

for bioethanol production by using dilute-alkali and dilute-
acid pretreatment methods. The results show that, for a
feeding concentration of 10 g/L, the theoretical conversion
rate of this feedstock is about 12.6%, and for a feeding
concentration of 15 g/L its conversion rate increased to
23%. The authors concluded that agricultural waste had
potential for bioethanol production.
 CHAPTER THREE
MATERIAL AND METHOD
• Materials

Napier and Mission grass will be harvested from an uncultivated farmland

in the Main Campus of the University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria.

and will be taken to the Department of Botany University of Uyo, for

identification. Deionized water, HCl, NaOH and all the chemicals that will be

used will be analytical grade and will be used directly without further
EXPERIMENTAL FLOW CHART
CHAPTER THREE
(Continue...)
• 3.2 Equipment
Container (Digester), laboratory mill,
plastic hose, funnel, Set of beakers
(100, 250 and 500 cm3), Measuring
cylinders (200 and 500 cm3), Glass
rod stir, Volumetric flasks (1000 cm),
Weighing Balance, Digital pH meter,
Thermometer, Gas chromatography,
Electric Oven.
Design (fabrication) of the Digester (Reactor)

• Figure 3.2: A 20-L drum

digester tank (Reactor)
prepared for the experiment
 Characteristic of the
Feed-stocks

• Before starting the anaerobic

digestion experiments, samples of
grasses will be analyze for
• Total solids (TS),
• volatile solids (VS),
• carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratio.
• pH Level.
 Determination of Biogas produced

• Determination of Biogas Yield

Biogas yield (BY) will be calculated from biogas productivity
(BP) and VSr by using Equation. (3.1):
THANK YOU...