CONDENSATION ( SWEAT )

This will occur when surface temperatures of ship or cargo

are BELOW the dew point of the air in contact with them

SHIPS SWEAT
This will occur when the temperature of the steel structure of
the ship is below the dew point of the air

CARGO SWEAT
This occurs when the dew point of the air in the cargo space
is above the temperature of the cargo
 NATURAL VENTILATION

Leeward vents
trimmed on the wind Windward vents
Trimmed back to
wind
HYGROSCOPIC CARGOES
Usually of plant origin
Capable of absorbing and giving off moisture
Rot may occur by self-heating & releasing moisture
Will increase the moisture content of hold air with temp rise
Similarly may rot by absorbing moisture from hold air

VENTILATION MUST BE CAREFULLY CONTROLLED

MOISTURE MIGRATION CAUSING SHIPS SWEAT

Condensation dripping onto

cargo
Cold steel
hull

Warm moist air

increasing RH of hold
air

Warm moist hygroscopic cargo

WHEN TO VENTILATE
Object of ventilation:
To keep dew point in the holds as low as possible.
E.G.
Vessel loaded from West Africa proceeding to europe.
Holds full of wet warm air
As outside sea & air temp fall – ships sweat will occur
As air temp falls below hold temp - VENTILATE