Quadrilaterals

Quarter 3 – Week 1
 Learning Objectives:
• determine the conditions that make a
quadrilateral a parallelogram;
• use properties to find measures of
angles, sides and other quantities
involving parallelograms;
• appreciate the importance of
parallelogram in real-life situation.
 Quadrilateral
A quadrilateral is a polygon
with four sides. It is named using
four consecutive vertices labeled
by capital letters. Like any
polygon, a quadrilateral has its
own characteristics.
Quadrilateral
 The side opposite
to is and the
side opposite to
is . Notice that
the two pairs of
A trapezium is a parallel sides are
quadrilateral with no not parallel.
parallel sides.
 The side opposite
to is and the side
opposite to is .
Notice that the
first pair of
A trapezoid is a opposite sides
quadrilateral with are parallel while
exactly one pair of the second is not
parallel side. parallel.
 The side opposite
to is and the side
opposite to is .
Notice that the
A parallelogram is two pairs of
a quadrilateral with opposite sides are
two pairs of parallel both parallel.
sides.
Parallelogram and
their Properties
 Definition of Terms
Reflexive Property - states
that an angle, line segment, or
shape is always congruent to
itself.
 Definition of Terms
CPCTC - stands for "corresponding
parts of congruent triangles are
congruent" and tells us if two or more
triangles are congruent, then their
corresponding angles and sides are
congruent as well.
 Definition of Terms
Supplementary Angles -
Two angles are called
supplementary when their
measures add up to 180
degrees.
 Definition of Terms
Segment Bisector - a line,
line segment, ray, or point that
cuts a line segment exactly in
half.
 Definition of Terms
SSS (Side-Side-Side) - If all the
three sides of one triangle are
equivalent to the corresponding
three sides of the second triangle,
then the two triangles are said to
be congruent by SSS rule.
Theorem 1.1 – In a parallelogram, any two
opposite sides are congruent.

Given: is a parallelogram.
Prove: and
 Theorem 1.2 – In a parallelogram, any two
opposite angles are congruent.

Given: is a parallelogram.
Prove : and
 Theorem 1.3 – In a parallelogram, any two
consecutive angles are supplementary.

Given: is a parallelogram.
Prove: and are supplementary.
 Theorem 1.4 – The diagonals of a
parallelogram bisect each other.
Given: is a parallelogram with diagonals
and
Prove:
 Theorem 1.5 – A diagonal of a
parallelogram forms two congruent
triangles.

Given: is a parallelogram with diagonal

Prove:
 Example 1: CDEB is a parallelogram. If the
measure of CD is and BE is , find x

Step 1: Draw the

given
Step 2: Identify the opposite sides
Step 3: Formulate the equation then
solve x
Example 2: Find the value of x to make the
quadrilateral a parallelogram. Then solve the given
sides
Step 1: Formulate the equation
Step 2: Solve for x
Step 3: Find its side
Example 3: CARE is a parallelogram. If angle C is
60 find the measure of the three angles.
Step 1: Draw and mark the given
Step 2: Identify the relationship of each angle to
angle C
Example 4: Quadrilateral PQRS is a parallelogram.
Find the value of x when angle P is (23x+5) angle Q
is (13x-5).
Step 1: Draw and mark the given
Step 2: Identify the relation of the
given
Step 3: Formulate an equation, then
solve.
Example 5: LOVE is a parallelogram. If angle O is
y, angle E is 86, angle VLO is 30 and angle EVL is
2x, Find x, y, z and angle OVL.
Example 6: Find the value of the variable that will
make quadrilateral a parallelogram.
Activity
 GeoTalk
The class will be divided into group.
You are going to have a debate based
on the given arguments. You will
simply fill the blank with ALWAYS,
SOMETIMES, or NEVER. Be ready
to defend your answer.
The opposite sides of
a parallelogram are
_______
ALWAYS congruent.
A parallelogram is
___________
SOMETIMES a
rectangle.
A square is
___________
ALWAYS a
parallelogram.
A parallelogram is
___________
NEVER a
trapezoid.
A trapezium is
__________
ALWAYS a
trapezoid.
Quadrilateral
 THEOREM
A Quadrilateral is a parallelogram if:
The opposite sides are parallel.
The opposite sides are congruent.
The opposite angles are congruent.
The consecutive angles are supplementary
The diagonal bisect each others
Each diagonal bisect the parallelogram into
two congruent triangles
 Special
Parallelograms
 In this figure, the parallelogram
has four right angles. This special
type of parallelogram is called
rectangle.
 In this figure the
parallelogram has four
congruent sides. This
special type of
parallelogram is called
rhombus.
 In this figure, the
parallelogram has four
right angles and four
congruent sides. This
special type of
parallelogram is called a
square.
Theorems of
Rectangle
 Theorem 2.1 – If a parallelogram has one
right angle, then it has four right angles,
and the parallelogram is a rectangle.

Given: is a parallelogram.
is a right angle.
Prove: , and are right angles.
 Theorem 2.2 – The diagonals of a
rectangle are congruent.
Given: is a parallelogram with
diagonals. and
Prove:
Theorems of
Rhombus
 Theorem 3.1 – The diagonals of a
rhombus are perpendicular.
Given: Rhombus ROSE
Prove:
 Theorem 3.2 – Each diagonal of a rhombus
bisects opposite angles.
Given: Rhombus ROSE
Prove:
Properties of
Square
 Square
All the properties of a
parallelogram, plus the
properties of rectangle, plus
the properties of a rhombus,
apply to squares.
 Square
• A square is a quadrilateral
that is also a rectangle and a
rhombus.
• A square is a rhombus with
four right angles.
 Square
• A square is a rhombus with
two adjacent sides
perpendicular.
• A square is a rectangle with
four congruent sides.
Activity
 Personality Check!
Indicate with a check (✓) mark in
the table the property that
corresponds to the given
quadrilateral.
 Property Quadrilaterals
P Re Rh S

1. All sides are

congruent.
2. Opposite sides are
parallel.
3. Opposite sides are
congruent
 Property Quadrilaterals
P Re Rh S

4.Opposite angles
are congruent.
5.Opposite angles
are supplementary.
 Property Quadrilaterals
P Re Rh S

6. Diagonals are
perpendicular to each
other.
7. A diagonal divides a
quadrilateral into two
congruent angles.
 Property Quadrilaterals
P Re Rh S

8. Diagonals are
congruent.
9. Diagonals bisect each
other.
10. Diagonals bisect
opposite angles.
Assignment
1.Given: ABCD is a parallelogram.
Prove:
 Statement Reason
1. Given
2.
3. Opposite sides of
parallelogram are ≅
4.
 Statement Reason
5. Given
6. Opposite angles of
parallelogram are ≅
7.
8. SSS
2. Given: HOPE is a parallelogram.
Prove:
 Statement Reason
1. HOPE is a
parallelogram.
2. Opposite sides of
parallelogram are ≅
3. Opposite sides of
parallelogram are ≅
4.
 Statement Reason
5. Definition of
Supplementary Angles
6. bisects
7. Reflexive Property
8.