FYP2 PRESENTATION

BIODEGRADABLE FILMS MADE FROM

LOW-DENSITY POLYETHLYNE (LDPE)
AND LIGNIN FOR AGRICULTURAL
POLYBAG APPLICATION

NAME : MUHAMMAD RAFIZAL MOHAMAD SAPIAN

ID. NUMBER : 55216116174
SEMESTER : JULY 2020
SUPERVISOR : DR. NOR NADIAH BINTI MOHAMAD YUSOF
 INTRODUCTION
• What is ‘BIODEGRADABLE’? Why?
 RESEARCH BACKGROUND
• Percentage of Biodegradation of LDPE and
lignin polymer blends.
• Improve the degree of biodegradation of
existing products.
• Lignin extracted, mixed with LDPE,
compressed = film
• Tested and analyzed by Biodegradability Test
• Mechanical, Thermal & Physical properties
were tested.
 OBJECTIVES

1. A polymer blend of LDPE and lignin as filler

has been produced.

2. The biodegradability rate of polymer blends

has been evaluated.

3. The effect of the biodegradable process on

polymer blends has been investigated.
EQUIPMENT & CHEMICALS

NO. Materials
1. Phenolphthalein Powder

2. Sulphuric Acid

3. Sodium Hydroxide

4. Ethanol

5. Hydrochloric Acid

6. Black Liquor

7. Low-Density Polyethylene

8. Lignin
METHODOLOGY
 SAMPLE TESTING
• Biodegradability Test
– Analysis of Evolved
Carbon Dioxide
– Percentage of Biodegradation

• Physical Properties
– Hardness Test

• Mechanical Properties
– Tensile Strength Test

• Thermal Properties
– TGA Test
 RESULTS & DISCUSSION
• Biodegradability Test – Analysis of Evolved CO2
40

35

30
Amount of formed CO2 (mg/kg DS)

25 Blank Soil Average

Soil + Lignin
LDPE
20 10% Lignin/LDPE
15% Lignin/LDPE
20% Lignin/LDPE
15 25% Lignin/LDPE
30% Lignin/LDPE

10

0
0h 100h 300h 500h 700h
 RESULTS & DISCUSSION
• Percentage of Biodegradation %
 RESULTS & DISCUSSION
• Thermal Properties (TGA Analysis)
 RESULT & DISCUSSION
• Mechanical Properties (Tensile Strength)
 RESULT & DISCUSSION
• Physical Properties (Rockwell Hardness)
 CONCLUSION
• 10% Lignin/LDPE have the highest percentage
of biodegradation, but according to theory,
the higher the lignin composition, the higher
the percentage of biodegradation.

• Errors
– Hot press machine – temperature & pressure is
not uniform.
– Period of biodegradability test – short
– Self constructed test set-ups
 RECOMMENDATIONS
• Use Injection Molding when producing the
test samples.

• Testing period should be longer.

• Accelerated weathering test.

GANTT CHART