GENERATIONS OF

COMPUTER
What does generation means ?
Generation in computer terminology is a
change in technology computer was using.

Initially, the generation term was used to distinguish between

varying hardware technologies.

Nowadays, generations include both hardware and software, which together make up
an entire computer system.

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How many generations?
1 3 5
FOURTH
FIRST 1955-1964 THIRD
GENERARTION 1975-1989 FIFTH
GENERATION GENERATION GENERATION
TRANSISTORS MICROPROCESSORS

SECOND 1964-1974 FOURTH 1989-PRESENT

1942-1955 SECOND
GENERATION GENERATION ARTIFICIAL
VACCUM TUBES INTEGRATED CIRCUIT GENERATION INTELLIGENCE

2 4

TH

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FIRST GENERATION
HARDWARE SOFTWARE PHYSICAL
APPLICATION
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY APPEARANCE

 Vacuum tubes for  Instructions were  These computers  Used for scientific
circuitry written in machine were enormous in applications
language size
 Magnetic drums for  Fastest computing
storage  For instructions 0s  Required large room device of their time
and 1s were used for installation
 Punched cards and  Computation time
paper tapes used for  Solved one problem was in milliseconds
input at a time

 Output displayed as
printouts

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First generation
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

A. Vacuum tubes used as A. Low level of accuracy and

electronic component reliability
B. Fastest calculating B. Not portable
devices available
C. Constant maintenance
C. Computations performed required
in milliseconds
D. Air conditioning required

01 02
ENIAC-chm revolution

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SECOND GENERATION
HARDWARE SOFTWARE PHYSICAL
APPLICATION
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY APPEARANCE

 Transistors replaced  Instructions written in  Transistors small in  High commercial

vacuum tubes assembly language size production cost

 Magnetic tapes and  Used mnemonics  Computer size  Transistors assembled

disks for secondary reduced manually
storage  High level
programming  The computation
 Input and output languages time was in
were same (COBOL and FORTRAN) microseconds
developed
 Computer became
Faster, Cheaper,
Energy, Efficient and
Reliable

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Second generation
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

A. Smaller in size A. Difficult commercial

production
B. Much more reliable
B. Not portable
C. Less heat generated
C. Frequent maintenance
D. Computations performed required
in micro seconds
D. Air conditioning required

01 CDC-1604 02

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THIRD GENERATION
HARDWARE SOFTWARE PHYSICAL
APPLICATION
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY APPEARANCE

 Used Integrated  Operating system  Quite small size  Available to mass

circuit (IC) chips allowed different audience
applications run at
 Multiple transistors same time  Produced
placed on a silicon commercially
chip forms an IC  High level languages
used for  Smaller and cheaper
 IC increased speed  programming
and efficiency
 The computation
 Keyboard and time was in nano
monitor used for seconds
input and output

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Third generation
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

A. Smaller in size A. Advanced technology

required to make IC
B. More reliable and
accurate B. Air conditioning required
some times
C. Less electricity
consumption

D. Rare heat generation

E. General purpose
computer
01 IBM-360 02

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FOURTH GENERATION
HARDWARE SOFTWARE PHYSICAL
APPLICATION
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY APPEARANCE

 Used Large Scale  Smaller than before  Available for

Integration (LSI) and  MS-DOS and MS commercial use
Very Large Scale Windows were  Some can even fit
Integration (VLSI) developed into palm  Available as personal
computer
 Transistors integrated  Supported graphical
on small silicon chip user interface (GUI)  The computation
by LSI technology time was in Pico
 High level Languages seconds
 Microprocessors used for writing
were used programs

 Network was formed

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Fourth generation
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
A. Smaller in size and
reliable
A. Advance technology
B. Portable and cheap needed to make IC

C. Much faster computation B. Less storage and needed

further improvement
D. Heat generated was
negligible

E. No cooling mostly

F. Totally general purpose

computer
01 Macintosh 02

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FIFTH GENERATION
HARDWARE SOFTWARE PHYSICAL
APPLICATION
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY APPEARANCE

 Super large scale  Artificial intelligence  Smaller than ever  Development of AI

integrated (SLSI) is used before
 Advancement in
 Portable and  Use parallel  Portability is very parallel processing
powerful processing high

 Consume less energy  User friendly

interface
 Less prone to
hardware failure  More multimedia
features

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Fifth generation
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

A. Faster, Smaller, Portable A. Complex tools

B. Easier repairs B. Need very low level
languages
C. Less hardware failure

D. Advancement in
superconductor
technology

E. Highest possible storage

01 JIOBOOK 02

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THANK YOU