HYPOTHESIS TESTING

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Testing the Population Mean
by Z & t tests

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 Hypothesis Tests for the Mean

Hypothesis
Tests for 

 Known  Unknown
(Z test) (z & t test)
Z Test of Hypothesis for the Mean (σ Known)
 Convert sample statistic ( X ) to a ZSTAT test statistic
Hypothesis
Tests for 

σKnown
Known σUnknown
Unknown
(Z test) (z & t test)
The test statistic is:
X μ
ZSTAT 
σ
n
t Test of Hypothesis for the Mean (σ Unknown)
 Convert sample statistic ( ) to a tSTAT test statistic
X
Hypothesis
Tests for 

σKnown
Known σUnknown
Unknown
(Z test) (t test for n<30)
(t test)
The test statistic is:

X μ
t STAT 
S
n
⚫Testing hypothesis for the mean μ :

⚫ When the value of sample size (n):

population is normal or not normal population is normal (n< 30)

( n ≥ 30 )

σ is known σ is not known σ is known σ is not known

 Example
Researchers are interested in the mean level of some
enzyme in a certain population. They take a sample of
10 individuals, determine the level of enzyme in each
and compute a sample mean 22. It is known that the
variable of interest is approximately normally
distributed with a variance of 45. Let us say that they
are asking the following question: Can we conclude
that the mean enzyme level in this population is
different from 25?
Step1-2 H0: = 25

Ha:  25

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Step 3
Since we are testing a hpothesis about a
population mean, we assume that the population is
normally distributed, and the population variance is
known, our test statistic is z.

Let us say that we want the probability of rejecting

a true null hypothesis to be =0.05. Our rejection
region is to consist of two parts. It seems
reasonable that we should divide  equally and let
/2=0.025 be associated with small values and
/2=0.025 be associated with large values.

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Step 4
x  22  25
z    1 . 41
 n 45 / 10
Step 5

/2=0.025 /2=0.025
-1.41 0.95
-1.96

rejection region acceptance region 1.96

rejection region

Step 6 Accept H0. We conclude that the mean enzyme

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level in this population is not different from 25
 Example
Suppose, instead of asking if they could conclude that
 25, the researchers had asked: Can we conclude
that the mean enzyme level in this population is less
than 25?
Step1-2 H0: = 25
Ha: < 25

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Step 3
Since we are testing a hpothesis about a
population mean, we assume that the population is
normally distributed, and the population variance is
known, our test statistic is z.

Let us say that we want the probability of rejecting

a true null hypothesis to be =0.05. We will want
our rejection region is to be where the small values
are –at lower tail of the distribution. This time, since
we have a one-sided test, all of  will go in the one
tail of the distribution.

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Step 4
x  22  25
z    1 . 41
 n 45 / 10
Step 5

=0.05 0.95

0
-1.645
-1.41

rejection region acceptance region

Step 6 Accept H0. We conclude that the mean enzyme

level in this population is not less than (greater than
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 PROBLEMS
1. A machine is set to fill cereal boxes with a mean weight of 500 grams per
box. The standard deviation is known to be 25 grams. A random sample of
100 filled boxes is taken and the mean weight of box is computed as 504
grams. Is there reason to believe that machine is over filling boxes use α =
0.05
2. An electrical firm manufactures light bulbs that have a length of life that is
approximately normally distributed with a mean 1600 hours and a
standard deviation of 80 hours. Test the hypothesis that µ = 1600 hours
against the alternative µ ≠ 1600 hours if a random sample of 30 bulbs has
an average life 1576 hours. Use 0.01 level of significance.
3. A sample of 16 observations is taken from a normal population whose
standard deviation σ = 30. The sample mean ⴟ is computed as 110. Test
the hypothesis that µ = 100 against the alternative µ > 100 at 0.05 level of
significance.
4. A random sample of size n= 1089 is taken from a normal population with a
known standard deviation σ = 2.60. If the mean of the sample is ⴟ = 3.60.
Test the hypothesis that µ = 3.90 (use α = 0.10)
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5. A random sample of 64 observations has a mean ⴟ = 36 and a standard
deviation s = 5. Test the null hypothesis Ho : µ = 40 against the alternative H1 : µ
< 40, assuming α = 0.05

6. A random sample of 160 observations from a normal population yielded the

sample mean ⴟ = 15 and the sample variance s2 = 250. Test the hypothesis Ho :
µ = 149 against H1 : µ > 149 at α = 0.05

7. A random sample of size 20 from a normal distribution has a mean ⴟ = 16.4

and standard deviation s = 2.255. Does this suggests at the 0.05 level of
significance, that the population mean is greater than 15.

8. A random sample of 9 jars of peanut butter was taken from a lot “each jar
being labelled 10.5 ounces net weight”. The individual weight in ounce are 10.2,
9.7, 10.1, 9.9, 10.3, 9.5, 9.6, 10.3 and 10.4. Test whether these values are
consistent with population mean 10.5, assume that the weight are normally
distributed (use α = 0.05)

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