POLLUTION IN

INDUSTRIES
FIELDWORK TASK: GOING TO A LOCAL
INDUSRTY TO RESEARCH ON HOW THEY ARE
DISPOSING THEIR WASTE .

HOW ARE THEY DEALING WITH POLLUTION

POLLUTION IN INDUSTRIES

• DEFINATION OF KEY TERM

• Wikipedia postulates that “ Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that
cause adverse change. Pollution can take he form of any substance (solid, liquid , gas) or energy such as
radioactivity, heat , sound or light).
• The word pollution generally implies that the contaminants have an anthropogenic source –that is a source
created by human activities such as manufacturing , extractive industries, poor waste management .
TYPES OF POLLUTION
• Air pollution
• Water
• Noise
• Land

NB : During our research we observed that in industiries noise and air pollution are the most prevalent
Definition of industry
• Industry is a group of productive or organisations that produce or supply goods , services or sources
of income.IN economics industries are generally classified as primary , secondary and tertiary.
• Primary industries includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining and extraction of minerals.
• Secondary industry , also called the manufacturing industry 1)takes the raw materials supplied by
primary industries and processes them into consumer goods, 2) further processes goods that other
secondary industries have transformed into products, 3) built capital goods used to manufacture
consumer and non consumer goods
• Tertiary industry is a broad sector also called the service industry , its includes industries that while
producing no tangible goods ,provide services or intangible gains or generate wealth .this sector
generally includes both private and government enterprise.
• The industries of this sector include, among others ,banking, finance ,insurance ,health, social
welfare, police ,security and defence services
• NB: as a group we visited manufacturing industry(the Dairiboard, Nestle and delta) and the tertiary
industry ( the city council).
l
Tertiary industry: questions that were asked
 We visited city council of Harare at Rowan Martin
Which form of pollution is the most prevalent and causes of pollution
• Air pollution and land pollution are the most prevalent
CAUSES OF POLLUTION
The research found out that the street vendors and beggars are aware of their activities towards street littering. However, they did not
think that they should shoulder the responsibility of taking care of their litter. For them the responsibility of cleaning lies sorely with the
city authorities. Similar trend of behaviour was also found in Nigeria by Nurudeen, Lawal and Ajayi(2014)amongst food vendors who did
not want to take care of the rubbish besides acknowledging that it pauses a danger to the environment
STREET DEFECATIONS AND URINATION
The participants highlighted that the city of Harare has privatised toilets thereby making them inaccessible to the majority of street
vendors and beggars with disabilities. This is mainly done at night where there is few movements of people in town. The majority of toilets
in town are now privatised , one has to pay money to access the toilet and this has caused challenges of urinating and defecate the streets.
Street sleeping
Christopher a participant narrates that they sleep on street pavements and that they use papers and boxes to make their beds on the street
.In the morning they simply leave their boxes and papers on street pavements because they have nowhere to take them.
SOME vendors and people with disabilities sleep on the street pavements .As noted by Rugooho and Sziba , sleeping on street pavements
has also added a new dimensions in street littering as these streets inhabitants live a lot of objects and litter where they would be sleeping
Therefore one can safely say that in tertiary industries especially the city council , land and air pollution are the most prevalent pollution
 Pollution in tertiary industries
• Street urinating and defecation has also exposed street dwellers to a number of health hazards for instance typhoid and cholera. It is
recorded that in 2018 when there was an outbreak of typhoid a lot of street kids due to the pandemic
Ways of minimising pollution
• Provision of portable bins and having accessible toilets at night to allow access to beggars and vendors who sleep in streets
• Provision of environmental awareness to beggars and vendors with disabilities
• Engaging beggars and vendors with disabilities when coming up with policies on city environment
FUTURE WAYS OF MINIMISING POLLUTION
This objective entails having clean streets and well zoned city activities. Public transport will be allocated sites in the outskirts of the
central business district. Vendors will be moved out of the city to their allocated places outside of the central business district. The City of
Harare engaged different stakeholders in an effort to sensitized them about their strategic plan. For them, having a clean city will attract
investors and tourists. Partnership with industry, private and the general populace is envisaged in the implementation of the strategic plan
document. Industry would play the role of manufacturing products which are environmentally friendly and disposing their affluent in a
way that would not cause pollution. Industry would also take the opportunity to educate their clients about environmental issues. The
City appealed to government to help in the implementation of the strategies by lobbying the government to implement laws and
legislature to stop manufacturing of products which contribute towards pollution. Government made it compulsory for manufacturers of
plastic bottles and kay lites to recycle their products which were identified as the major cause of pollution. However, the strategy is under
threat because of the widespread mushrooming of vendors and beggars whose activities have become expensive and difficult for the local
authority to manage. Vendors and beggars with disabilities are a delicate group which has been difficulty to deal with due to the
sensitivity associated with disability issues. Due to the collapse of the Zimbabwean economy a large chunk of the population of persons
with disabilities have joined the vending and begging business in an effort to gain income
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY DELTA
AND DAIRYBOARD
• The DELTA Corporation is a beer and soft drink company of Zimbabwe.
Waste management
pollution prevention/source reduction -any practice that helps eliminate, reduce and prevent pollution at it's source before it's even created.
As shown by the EPA management hierarchy it's more desirable than recycling, treatment or disposal. It is often more cost effective to prevent
pollution from being created at its source than to pay for control, treatment and disposal of waste products .As the Wiseman say, "Prevention is
better than cure!"
DELTA
QUESTIONS • ANSWERS
• Why do you think preventing is • it reduces financial costs(for
necessary/ important? waste management is clean ups)
• • Environmental costs(health
•- problems and environmental
damage
• -protects the environment by
conserving and protecting
natural resources.
DELTA
• How Delta deals with land pollution
•
• They conduct a weekly,bi weekly and monthly collection of waste from both private and state bodies. This waste is then transferred to a
dedicated Waste Sorting Facility (WSF) where it is sorted, compacted and loaded into larger vehicles.
• [4/4, 12:47 PM] Charity: Delta's approach to minimize pollution
•
• -They are still committed to the national waste policies stipulated by the National Environmental Management Act focus on the following
and the National Environmental Management Strategy strategies therefore their approach is based on the 3 "R"s of waste management
philosophy:
•
• 🛑Reduce
• 🛑Reuse
• 🛑Recycle
•
• They said they are more focusing on actively working to maximize recycling to strive towards zero waste to landfill and this work is
administered by the Delta BEC and carried out by the Delta Facilities Management
• To facilitate the reuse of organic food, Delta divert them to Delta Dawn Worm Farm. Food waste is used as food for earthworm to produce a
rich natural fertilizer called *vermileachate*that stimulate plant growth and health. By disposing organic waste that way they prevent
greenhouse gas emissions.
NESTLE CEREVITA
• Ways used by Nestle to minimize pollution particularly land pollution*
•
• Uses the source reduction strategy -it has pledged to reduce food waste and loss through measures such as careful planning and responsible
sourcing meaning to say no waste will go to landfill.2021 statistics Nestle worldwide had achieved zero waste for disposal status for 95%of its
factories. From packaging to recycling, from heating and cooling systems in offices and factories, Nestlé monitors and works to improve its
manufacturing process to reduce pollution of any kind.
*Do you think pollution is not local but rather a global problem? What is your comment on that?*
• It's both a local and global problem as effects are felt by people of that particular area where the pollution is happening as well as the whole
planet e.g. *global warming* It is as a result of burning of waste which release gases like carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere and
these gases end up absorbing radiation from the sun therefore end up causing rise in sea levels, rise in the Earth's temperature, increase of
tsunamis, typhoons etc.
• Also affect employers and residents health by causing diseases such as lung damage, heart damage (for air pollution) and loss of sense of hearing
(noise pollution : *Recommendations for reducing pollution in all industries*
•
• 1)use technology to destroy pollutants at the source -in cases where it is not feasible to switch to clean energy immediately manufacturers should
turn to a variety of technology that destroy pollution at the source before it enters the atmosphere .Some of the technologies include:
•
• 1) catalytic oxidizers
• 2)regenerative thermal oxidizers
• 3)use of rotary concentrators etc.
PICTURES AT CEREVITA
MANUFACTURING COMPANY
DAIRYBOARD MANUFACTURING
INDUSRTY
• AT Dairy board manufacturing industry we observed that there was noise ,air and land pollution
• Dairiboard holdings limited company is a manufacture and marketer of quality milks, beverages and foods products
• According to the SHE Manager there are categories of waste that include solid waste (card box, bottles, papers),liquid and gaseous
• Categories of waste at Dairiboard HOLDING
• - solid waste( cardboard box, papers, bottles)
• -liquid waste
• - gaseous waste
HOW THEY DUMP THEIR WASTE
• - they are managing solid waste ( boxes, papers, bottles) by recycling
• - they recycle to plastic cups, black shits, bin liners etc.
*Liquid waste*
• -It is generated when cleaning equipment
• - liquid waste can also disposed by the local authorities measuring the ph. level, oxygen demand and the suspended solid
• -all to make sure if everything’s normal for example:
• *high acid -it affect fish in dams and rivers and in sewer it affect the pipes
• - it can also be disposed by the ones with license for disposal in the statutory by EMA
DAIRIBOARD HOLDING
• *Gaseous emissions *
• - gases can be disposed in a boiler by sulpharic coal that is on good quality
• -pipes should be 50 meters up to for the smoke to became powerless when coming down
• -SI 72of 2002(EMA Act) gaseous waste emissions
• - regulations( blue zone, green zone, red zone and yellow zone)SO2, NO2
• - Generators- blue band
• *Waste is disposed according to type*
• 1. HDPE ( high density polyethylene)
• 2. PET ( transparent bottles)
• 3. PP (polypropylene)
• *PET*
• In Zimbabwe their is no material that is able to dispose Pet waste so the industries work together on how to dispose it
and they form a company called PETROCOZIME in which was formed by 7 industries. The put together their PET trash
and transport it to china for it to be disposed ( Dairyboad, Delta etc.)
*There is waste that cannot be recycled and not even needed they put it together and dump it to the LANDVIEW (pamono)
for it not to affect humans and the environment etc.
PICTURES AT DAIRIBOARD
NAMES OF GROUP MEMBERS
• NJENDA SHAMINE R216327A
• BLESSING MOYO R216386Y
• CHARLOTTE MAZIVA R216343V
• PROGRESS L MUSHANGAI R216341V
• SAMUJANGU CLIFF T R216281T
• CHIRONGA MATIRASA R203283F
• PRAISE MAKOPA R216292A
• CHARITY CIPAFU R216376L
• GLORYBE NCUBE R216333G
• NYASHADZASHE GODWIN MATEMADOMBO R216318E
• CHINOSUNGA VIMBAYI R216344A