Session Guide on School-Based Research

SUMMARY,
CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATION
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Two Kinds of
1. Summary of Research
2. Summary of Findings
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 1. Summary of the Research
a. brief statement about the main purpose of
the study, the population or respondents, the
period of the study, method of research used, the
research instrument, and the sampling design.
There should be no explanations made.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Summary of Research includes;
1. Objectives of the study
2. Statement of the problem

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3. Respondents
4. Sampling
procedures
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5. method/s of research employed;
6. statistical treatment/s applied or
hypotheses tested, if there is any
7. results.

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2. Summary of Findings

The finding may be lumped together but

clarity demands that each specific question
under the statement of the problem must
be written first.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
• OBSERVATION VS CONCLUSION
1.“Observation” and “conclusion” are both parts of
the standard experimental procedures.
2.“Observation” is the process of watching or
monitoring an event or somebody while
“conclusion” refers to the final part of the
experiment in which a verdict or resolution is made.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
• OBSERVATION VS CONCLUSION
3.“Observation” and “conclusion” often go
hand in hand.
4.Observations are not final; therefore, it’s
okay to make mistakes, but conclusions are
final and so errors should be avoided.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
CONCLUSION
 Are inferences, deductions,
abstractions, implications,
interpretations, general statements
and/or generalization based upon the
findings.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 It is the appropriate answers to the specific
questions raised at the beginning of the
investigation in the order they are given
under the statement of the problem.

 It presents your arguments without

introducing new information or ideas.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 They should not contain any numeral
because numerals generally limit
the forceful effect or impact and scope of a
generalization. No conclusions should be
made that are not based upon the findings.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Some common phrases for conclusions:
o All this requires us to (propose the next action or an
alternative ideas)
o Altogether, these findings indicate (point out the
logical result)
o Finally, it is important to note (make your strongest
point)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Some common phrases for conclusions:
o In conclusion (restate your thesis with greater
emphasis)
o It is evident that (point out the logical result)
o In light of the evidence …
o It should be evident that we need to…

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Tips for Writing Conclusions
 Interpret and summarize the findings. Tell what
your findings (collected data) mean.
 Relate the conclusions to the research questions.
Focus only on conclusions that help solve the
original challenge.
 Justify the conclusions with highlights from the
findings.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Tips for Writing Conclusions
 Limit the conclusions to the data presented (do not
introduce new material)
 Be objective.
 Avoid exaggerating or manipulating data to prove
your point.
 Use consistent criteria for evaluating alternatives

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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Recommendations are suggested
actions and the specific procedure that
can help solve issues. Focus on the
practical/agreeable. Suggest feasible
actions acceptable to the audience.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 WRITING RECOMMENDATIONS
• Suggest actions. What specific procedures can help
solve client concern?
• Focus on the practical/agreeable. Suggest feasible
actions acceptable to this audience
• If requested, describe how the recommendations
may be implemented.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Tips for Writing Report Recommendations
Present recommendations separately and begins with a verb.
Challenge: Improving students satisfaction with a registration process

Conclusions: Survey results shows that short registration lines are key to
student satisfaction with the registration process

Recommendation: Implement a registration reservation

system where students sign up for specific registration time slots

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
The recommendations must contain practical suggestions that
will improve the situation or solve the problem investigated in
the study.
 it must be logical, specific, attainable and relevant.
it should be addressed to persons, organizations, or agencies
directly concerned with the issues or to those who can
immediately implement the recommended solutions.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
present another topic which is very relevant to the present
study that can be further investigated by future researchers.
But never recommend anything that is not part of your study
or not being mentioned in your findings.
write it using the imperative mood of the verb. Imperative
mood is to express a request or a command. So, the tense
is also simple present tense

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION