CHAPTER 5

AC Voltage Controllers
AC to ac Converters
 Chapter 5

Introduction:
An ac voltage controller is a converter that controls the voltage,
current, and average power delivered to an ac load from an ac source

~ AC ~ AC
AC-AC
CONVERTER
 Chapter 5

Applications:

The phase-controlled ac voltage controller has several practical uses

including light-dimmer circuits and speed control of induction motors
 Chapter 5

Classification:

1. Phase :
- Single phase
- Three-phase

2. Control method:
- phase control: switching takes place during every cycle of the
source, in effect removing some of the source waveform before it
reaches the load
- integral-cycle control : the source is connected and disconnected
for several cycles at a time.
 Chapter 5

AC switches : TriAc, antiparallel SCRs, ….

 Chapter 5

THE SINGLE-PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER

 Chapter 5

THE SINGLE-PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER

1. State 0: [0 … ]

u z  0; i z  0;
uV 1  u  U m sin t  0; iV 1  0;
uV 2  uV 1  U m sin t  0; iV 2  0;
 Chapter 5

THE SINGLE-PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER

2. State V1: [ - ]

uV 1  0; u z  u  U m sin t ;
uz
iV 1  i z ; i z  ;
R
uV 2  0; iV 2  0;
 Chapter 5

THE SINGLE-PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER

3. State 0: [ -  +  ]

u z  0; iz  0;
uV 1  u  U m sin t  0; iV 1  0;
uV 2  uV 1  U m sin t  0; iV 2  0;
 Chapter 5

THE SINGLE-PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER

4. State V2: [ +  - 2]

u z  u ; i z  u / R;
uV 1  0; iV 1  0;
uV 2  0; iV 2  iz ;
 Chapter 5

THE SINGLE-PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER

 Chapter 5

THE SINGLE-PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER


1  sin 2
 U sin t  d t   U . 1  
2
Uz  2

  2
m

 sin 2
U  1 
Iz 
Uz
  2
R R

U z2
Pz R Uz  sin 2
    1 
S U .I z U  2
 Chapter 5

THE SINGLE-PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER

Dien ap tai uz, [V]

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
He so cong suat lamda

Goc dieu khien alpha, [rad]

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Goc dieu khien alpha, [rad]
 Chapter 5

THE SINGLE-PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER

 CHAPTER 5

AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER (with an inductance load)

Analysis : 2 cases


0   Load current iz is continuous, uz=u; Uz =U (constant)
2

 Discontinuous current
 
2
 CHAPTER 5

AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER (with an inductance load)

1. State 0

u z  0; i z  0;
uV 1  u  U m sin t  0; iV 1  0;
uV 2  uV 1  U m sin t  0; iV 2  0;
 CHAPTER 5

AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER (with an inductance load)

2. State V1

uV 1  0; u z  u  U m sin t ;
iV 1  i z ;
uV 2  0; iV 2  0;

di z U m t Um
L  U m sin t  i z   sin td t   cos  cos t 
dt L  L
 CHAPTER 5

AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER (with an inductance load)

The output voltage and load current waveform
 CHAPTER 5

AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER (with an inductance load)

The output voltage and load current waveform
 CHAPTER 5

AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER (with an inductance load)

The output voltage and load current RMS value
When  > /2

  sin 2  
2 
1
Uz   U 2
sin  t 2
d  t   U 21   
   
m
 2 

3 sin 2 
2 
 
Iz 
1
  iz d t  
2 U
 
21   1  2 cos 2  
L    
