The Second International Conference on Scientific Research and

Innovation 2023 (2ICSRI2023)

Analysis of Printing Variables to Enhance PLA, ABS,

and PETG 3D Printed Parts Using Fused Deposition
Modeling

By
Dina Ali Abdulrazzaq

pme.21.71@grad.uotechnology.edu.iq

Supervised By

Dr. Abdullah F. Huayier Dr. Abass Enzi

 AGENDA

1- Introduction
2- Motivation of 3D printing process
3- Aims of the research
4- Research steps
5- Filament material
6- Application of filament materials
7- Process parameters
8- Matrix of experimental printing parameters
9- Sample
10- 3D slicing software
11- 3D Printing
12- Specimens
13- Testing
14- Result
 Introduction
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one type of additive manufacturing (AM) process that uses
thermoplastic filament layers. In FDM machine as shown in Figure 1,the head of the printer is moving in X
and Y axes and the up and down movement is done by the bed (Z-axis) where the filament or material is
being melted, extruded by the nozzle and deposited on the film bed, layer over layer forming the required
part. The first stage in using the FDM technique is to create 3D designs using CAD software. The image is
divided using slicer software after being saved as an STL file. To start the 3D printing process, the finished
sliced image is then transferred to an FDM machine and saved as a G-code file.
Feeder
Tensioner

Nozzle throat
Heatsink

Nozzle Nozzle thermocouple

cooler

Nozzle heater Part cooler

Nozzle thermal block

Nozzle

Printing bed Printing bed

heater
Printing bed Printing bed
thermal block thermocouple

Figure 1. FDM
 Motivation of 3D printing process

 produce complex parts

 Reduction of production cost

 Reduce number of components of the final product

 easy to recycle

 easy to assemble
 Aims of the research

1-Determine the variables affecting of 3D printing process(FDM)

2-Study the effect of variables on tensile test
3-Analysis of the samples depending on the tensile test result
4-Determine the optimal 3D printing variables
 Research steps

Design 3D Determine Printing

model parameters process

Determine
the optimal Testing Analysis
variables
 Filament materials

PLA
1-Can be printed on a cold surface
2-More environmental-friendly
3- Higher strength, and rigidity

ABS
1-Higher impact resistance
2 -Higher flexibility
3 -Higher melting point

PETG
1-high hardness
2- Excellent layer adhesion
3-Warp resistance
Applications of the filament materials
 Process parameters
Parameters Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5
Layer Thickness 0.2mm 0.22mm 0.24mm 0.26mm 0.28mm
Print Speed 45mm/s 50mm/s 55mm/s 60mm/s 65mm/s
Nozzle Temperature 200˚C 205˚C 210˚C 215˚C 220 ˚C
for (PLA)
Nozzle Temperature 230˚C 235˚C 240˚C 245˚C 250˚C
for (PETG,ABS)
Number of Perimeters 2 3 4 5 6
Raster Angle 0˚ 25˚ 45˚ 70˚ 90˚
Matrix of experimental printing parameters
Nozzle
Layer Nozzle Numb
Experim Print temperature( Orientati
thickn temperatur er of
ent speed(m ˚C) on angle
ess e(˚C) Perim
number m/s) For (PETG, (degree)
(mm) For (PLA) eters
ABS)
1 0.2 45 200 230 2 0
2 0.2 50 205 235 3 25
3 0.2 55 210 240 4 45
4 0.2 60 215 245 5 70
5 0.2 65 220 250 6 90
6 0.22 45 205 235 4 70
7 0.22 50 210 240 5 90
8 0.22 55 205 245 6 0
9 0.22 60 220 250 2 25
10 0.22 65 200 230 3 45
11 0.24 45 210 240 6 25
12 0.24 50 215 245 2 45
13 0.24 55 220 250 3 70
14 0.24 60 200 230 4 90
15 0.24 65 205 235 5 0
16 0.26 45 215 245 3 90
17 0.26 50 220 250 4 0
18 0.26 55 200 230 5 25
19 0.26 60 205 235 6 45
20 0.26 65 210 240 2 70
21 0.28 45 220 250 5 45
22 0.28 50 200 230 6 70
23 0.28 55 205 235 2 90
24 0.28 60 210 240 3 0
25 0.28 65 215 245 4 25
Dimension of tensile test specimen according to ASTM D638 Type I
3D Slicing Software and Ender-6 3D Printer
Specimens
Testing
 Results
Tensile test values for Tensile test values for Tensile test for
PLA (MPa) ABS (Mpa) PETG (Mpa)
38.13 32.90 39.77
37.34 34.64 43.95
42.99 37.25 42.82
51.79 37.08 45.08
48.78 39.52 42.39
54.74 36.81 44.21
52.13 38.73 41.17
41.78 33.77 41.69
38.04 34.12 41.08
43.08 36.12 42.47
40.3 35.25 47.09
37.51 34.12 38.56
49.52 35.94 45.34
45.69 34.39 43.43
41.42 36.64 40.04
45.17 32.04 38.73
37.44 33.95 40.73
41.25 35.77 42.04
43.53 35.87 36.64
48.88 36.47 44.56
48.04 34.99 44.73
50.44 38.13 28.21
38.47 34.12 42.30
43.34 33.61 38.99
43.52 33.52 41.17
 Error
Error Error
percentage
Mathematical percentage Mathematical percentage Mathematical
of
Model of Model of Model
mathematical
values-PLA mathematical values-ABS mathematical values-PETG
Model -
model -PLA model -ABS
PETG
36.53 2.37 33.36 -1.39 42.13 -5.93
40.67 -8.48 34.83 -0.55 42.73 2.78
44.31 -2.17 36.19 2.86 43.29 -1.11
48.45 2.42 37.66 -1.57 43.89 2.64
52.09 -7.08 39.02 1.28 44.46 -4.88
46.22 13.85 35.86 2.57 41.65 5.79
49.86 7.22 37.22 3.90 42.22 -2.55
42.11 -0.83 35.9 -6.31 42.15 -1.10
40.24 -5.35 34.13 -0.02 44.44 -8.17
42.71 1.46 35.99 0.35 41.53 2.21
44.49 -10.47 35.58 -0.93 40.51 13.98
41.66 -10.70 33.68 1.28 42.77 -10.91
45.79 8.42 35.16 2.17 43.36 4.36
48.26 -5.73 37.03 -7.66 40.46 6.85
40.97 -8.60 35.71 2.54 40.39 -0.86
47.21 -4.62 34.72 -8.35 41.69 -7.65
39.92 -6.86 33.4 1.63 41.62 -2.19
42.88 -0.88 35.39 1.07 38.74 7.84
46.52 -7.02 36.74 -2.43 39.31 -7.29
44.19 9.47 34.97 4.12 41.60 6.64
45.47 4.71 34.43 1.60 40.55 9.35
48.43 2.43 36.42 4.49 37.67 -33.53
45.60 -16.81 34.52 -1.18 39.93 5.61
38.32 11.58 33.2 1.21 39.86 -2.23
42.46 2.98 34.68 -3.46 40.46 1.74
 PLA material ABS material PETG material
ANN Error ANN Error ANN Error
Predicted percentage of Predicted percentage of Predicted percentage of
values (MPa) ANN values (MPa) ANN values (MPa) ANN
37.42 1.86 32.94 -0.12 39.81 -0.11
37.49 -0.41 34.96 -0.92 42.86 2.47
43.37 -0.88 37.57 -0.86 45.23 -5.63
49.65 4.13 36.72 0.97 44.82 0.57
48.64 0.29 39.19 0.84 42.23 0.37
53.65 1.98 35.99 2.23 44.32 -0.24
53.74 -3.08 38.59 0.36 41.16 0.04
41.76 0.04 34.38 -1.81 44.50 -6.75
38.20 -0.41 34.11 0.03 41.05 0.07
43.34 -0.59 35.78 0.94 44.78 -5.44
40.27 0.08 34.95 0.85 45.17 4.08
37.63 -0.31 32.38 5.10 38.66 -0.25
50.00 -0.97 34.45 4.15 45.62 -0.61
45.64 0.11 35.55 -3.37 42.24 2.73
37.73 8.91 36.85 -0.57 42.61 -6.41
45.12 0.10 32.25 -0.66 38.95 -0.58
37.36 0.21 33.85 0.29 40.74 -0.03
42.51 -3.05 36.08 -0.87 41.26 1.85
43.47 0.13 35.77 0.28 36.59 0.13
48.81 0.14 37.16 -1.89 44.66 -0.23
47.72 0.67 34.87 0.34 42.97 3.94
49.64 1.58 37.89 0.63 29.60 -4.91
39.04 -1.48 33.86 0.76 44.33 -4.80
43.34 0.01 33.65 -0.12 38.90 0.22
43.76 -0.55 33.80 -0.84 42.08 -2.22
 PLA material ABS material PETG material
Surface
Roughnes Surface Surface
Weight Deviation Weight Deviation Deviation
s Roughness(μ Roughness Weight (g)
)g ( weight (g) weight (g) weight (g)
)μm( m) (μm)
)g (
1.473 21.6097 -4.8977 1.628 18.0855 1.6504 1.628 18.0855 1.6504
1.338 21.7268 -5.0148 3.48 18.0765 1.6594 3.48 18.0765 1.6594
2.035 21.8266 -5.1146 1.509 18.1386 1.5973 1.509 18.1386 1.5973
1.669 21.8899 -5.1779 1.899 18.0326 1.7033 1.899 18.0326 1.7033
10.012 22.6824 -5.9704 8.571 18.7614 0.9745 8.571 18.7614 0.9745
7.493 22.8265 -6.1145 1.825 17.9635 1.7724 1.825 17.9635 1.7724
10.83 22.4814 -5.7694 8.279 18.7315 1.0044 8.279 18.7315 1.0044
1.492 21.7931 -5.0811 1.993 18.1536 1.5823 1.993 18.1536 1.5823
1.675 21.6992 -4.9872 2.232 18.1069 1.629 2.232 18.1069 1.629
1.660 21.8677 -5.1557 1.9166 18.1360 1.5999 1.9166 18.1360 1.5999
1.527 21.5198 -4.8078 1.937 17.9601 1.7758 1.937 17.9601 1.7758
1.508 21.4350 -4.723 2.313 17.8047 1.9312 2.313 17.8047 1.9312
1.919 21.6724 -4.9604 2.588 17.8523 1.8836 2.588 17.8523 1.8836
9.927 22.4385 -5.7265 8.470 18.3185 1.4174 8.470 18.3185 1.4174
1.506 21.7243 -5.0123 2.117 17.8792 1.8567 2.117 17.8792 1.8567
12.41 22.7564 -6.0444 11.37 18.5887 1.1472 11.37 18.5887 1.1472
1.858 21.6623 -4.9503 2.323 18.0662 1.6697 2.323 18.0662 1.6697
1.674 21.7478 -5.0358 2.5143 17.9023 1.8336 2.5143 17.9023 1.8336
2.093 21.9029 -5.1909 2.52 17.9783 1.7576 2.52 17.9783 1.7576
1.868 21.7008 -4.9888 2.2286 18.0304 1.7055 2.2286 18.0304 1.7055
7.92 22.6567 -5.9447 2.6803 18.0304 1.7055 2.6803 18.0304 1.7055
2.519 21.6174 -4.9054 2.106 17.7491 1.9868 2.106 17.7491 1.9868
7.415 22.7065 -5.9945 8.3905 18.3421 1.3938 8.3905 18.3421 1.3938
1.796 21.6730 -4.961 2.008 17.9469 1.789 2.008 17.9469 1.789
1.528 21.5379 -4.8259 2.0726 17.9200 1.8159 2.0726 17.9200 1.8159
Thank you