Starter – 5 mins – Answers in your exercise

books
• What do we use starch, protein and fats (lipids) for?

• What information should be on a food label?

• What does the term diet mean?

Green pen
• What do we use carbohydrates, protein and fats (lipids) for?
• Starch is an example of a carbohydrate. It can be digested by the body to release sugars (glucose). Glucose
(sugar) can then be used in respiration.
• Proteins are needed for growth.
• Our bodies use fats to store energy and to help keep us warm. Fats can be stored just under the skin to help
insulate our bodies.

• What information should be on a food label?

• Energy (both total energy and per serving)
• Amount of carbohydrate (specially amount of sugar)
• Amount of protein
• Amount of fat
• Amount of fibre
• Amount of vitamins/minerals (vitamin A, C, Iron and calcium)

• What does the term diet mean?

• A diet is the food and drinks that you consume (eat).
• A healthy diet ensures you have the right amount of key nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins,
Lesson – Digestive system part 2
• Lesson outcomes:

• Bronze – Recall the organs involved in

digestion.
• Silver – Identify the function of each
of the organs in the digestive system.
• Gold – Describe what happens during
egestion and defaecation.

• Online textbook pages 6-20

On your mini white boards
• List the organs you think are involved in the process
of digestion.

• Bonus task – Can state the role (function) of these

organs?
Digestive System
Practical – Making poo!
• DO NOT eat any of the food.
• Wear protective clothing to keep your clothes clean.
• You MUST clean up your table (and the floor around your
table) afterwards!!!

• We will complete the practical together as a class to ensure

each stage is completed properly.
Stage 1: Chew and Swallow
• The mixing bowl represents your mouth. You’re recreating the first
stage of digestion where your teeth bite and tear up your food. That
uses your incisors – your front teeth that are great for cutting.
Adding the liquid is like taking a drink.
• This chewing uses your molars – the large, flat teeth at the back of
your mouth that are used to grind your food. Next it’s time to
swallow your food.

• DO NOT EAT ANY OF THE FOOD STUFF!

Stage 2: Food moves to the stomach (the
messy bit!)
• When the food is swallowed it goes down the oesophagus and
into your stomach. The muscular walls of the oesophagus move
in waves to push the food down the tube to your stomach.
• How does it feel? Your hands are now acting like the stomach
which churns the chewed food up into a thick liquid called
chyme. The gastric juices you squeezed in contain substances
called enzymes that help to break down the food particles and
make it all mushy. In the stomach, the mushy, partly digested
food is called ‘chyme’.
• Next, the chyme moves to the small intestine. The small intestine
is around 7 meters long and is the longest part of the digestive
system. The chyme will spend several hours in the small
intestine where this happens.
Stage 3: Inside the small intestines
• The small intestine has two large glands attached,
called the liver and the pancreas. They send
digestive juices to the small intestine to help break
your food down further. The juices you are
squeezing in help the food become even more
watery and break down most of the remains into
simple chemicals.
• You will notice some of the liquids or juices are
beginning to run out of the walls of the small
intestine. These juices carry chemicals that enter
the bloodstream. The blood carries the chemicals to
the body’s cells. The body then uses those chemicals
as fuel for energy and growth. There will be some
undigested food leftover. What are we going to do
Stage 4: Inside the large intestines
• The leftover, undigested food then travels into the large
intestine. The large intestine is much shorter and wider
than the small intestine. The waste material slowly
moves through large intestine, and it will stay there for
between 10 and 20 hours. The large intestine absorbs as
much of the rest of the liquid as possible, and you’re left
with the parts that can’t be digested.
• When the large intestine has soaked up the water, salts,
and nutrients, it will push the now semi-solid food waste
into the lower colon and eventually the rectum. The
rectum is a bit like a storage area for poo and is the last
stop in the digestive system. When you go to the toilet, a
ring of muscle called the anus squeezes and relaxes to
allow the poo out!
And finally…
• Complete the table below – use page 14 of the textbook!
• Finish this for homework.
NAME OF ORGAN FUNCTION
MOUTH
OESOPHAGUS
STOMACH
LIVER
PANCREAS
SMALL INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE
RECTUM
ANUS
Did we meet the outcomes?
• Lesson outcomes:

• Bronze – Recall the organs involved in

digestion.
• Silver – Identify the function of each
of the organs in the digestive system.
• Gold – Describe what happens during
egestion and defaecation.

• Online textbook pages 6-20