TOPIC

CEMENT AND ITS TYPES

Presented by -
KRISH
CONTENTS

• Introduction
• History
• Types of cement
• ObjectivesTypes of cement used in India
• Conclusion
INTRODUCTION

"Cement is a crystalline compound of calcium silicates & other

calcium compounds having hydraulic properties" (Macfadyen,
2006).
HISTORY

Lime & clay have beenused45cementingmaterial on construction

through many centuries. Romans are commonly given the credit for
the development of hydraulic cement.In 1824 Joseph Aspdin from
England invented the Portland cement
TYPES OF CEMENT

• Hydraulic Cement
• Natural Cement
• Portland Cement
• Portland lime-stone cement
• Blended Cement
• Pozzolan lime Cement
• Masonary Cement
• Aluminous Cement
• Fly Ash Cement
HYDRAULIC CEMENTS

Hydraulic lime:Only used in specialized mortors.Made from calcination of

clay & limestones.Hydraulic lime (HL) is a general term for varieties of
lime(Cao),or slaked lime(calcium hydroxide), used to make used to make
lime mortar which set through hydration thus they are called hydraulic.The
other common types of lime mortar set through carbonation(re-absorbing
carbon-dioxide from the air) & are sometimes called air lime.
Natural cements

It is made from argillaceouslimestones or interbedded

limestones & clay or shale, with few raw materials.Rosendale
cement generally refers to a type of naturalcement that was
produced in New York from argillaceous limestone.It was used
in the construction of many of the United States most important
landmarks, including the Brooklyn Bridge.
Portland cement

It is one of the artificial cement made by mixing clinker with

gypsum. It is the most common type of cement in general use
around the world.It is used as a basic ingradient of concrete,
mortar. It was developed from other types of hydraulic lime in
England in 19th century & usually originates from
limestone.Portland cement was developed from natural cements
made in Britain beginning in the middle of the 18th century.
Portland lime-stone cement

In 2011, a new category of cement called Portland-limestone

cement(PLC) was launced in Canada. It was now approved for use
by the Canadian Standards Association(CSA) .It has been Europe
for over 25 years. Large amounts (6% to 35%) of ground
limestone have been added as a filler to a portland cement base.
Blended Cement

Blended cement is obtained by mixing OPC with

mineraladmixtures or additives like fly ash,slag or silica
fumes.It reduces water demand & therefore water-cement
ratio can be reduced.It improves workability for the same
water content.
Pozzolan lime cement

Pozzolans are a broad class of siliceous or siliceous & aluminous

materials. It reacts with calcium hydroxide at ordinary
temperature. Use of slaked lime & additions of finely ground for
water proof renderings in baths, cisterns & aqueducts
Masonary cement

Masonry cement is a special blended cement that is mixed in

specific proportions with sand and water to form a strong
binding mortar. In stonework, block and brick masonry, but is
not considered suitable strength-wise for concrete masonry.
They are a blend of portland cement clinker, limestone or
hydraulic lime filler & various additives.
Alumina cement

Limestones and bauxite are the main raw materials. Alternative names
are "aluminous cement","high-alumina cement" and "Ciment fondu" in
French.They are used in a number of small-scale, specialized
applications.aluminate cements is monocalcium aluminate (CaAlOr
CaO Al2O3, or CA in the cement chemist notation).
Fly Ash cement

Fly ash, also known as "pulverised fuel ash" in the United Kingdom, is one of
the coal combustion products, composed of the fine particles that are driven
out of the boiler with the flue gasesAsh that falls in the bottom of the boiler is
called bottom ash. In modern coal-fired power plants. Bottom ash removed
from the bottom of the boiler, it is known as coal ash.About 43% is recycled,
often used as a pozzolan to produce hydraulic cement or hydraulic plaster.
Objectives

The most common use for Portland cement is in the production of concrete.
Concrete is a composite material consisting of aggregate (gravel and sand),
cement, and water. These may be supplied with concrete mixed on site, or
may be provided with "ready-mixed" concrete made at permanent mixing
sites. Portland cement is also used in mortars (with sand and water only) for
plasters and screeds, and in grouts (cement/water mixes squeezed into gaps
to consolidate foundations, road-beds, etc.).
Types of cement used in India

• Rapid Hardening Cement

• Quick setting cement
• Low Heat Cement
• Sulphates resisting cement
• Blast Furnace Slag Cement
• High Alumina Cement
• White Cement
• Coloured cement
• Pozzolanic Cement
• Air Entraining Cement
• Hydrographic cement
Conclusion

Cement products were developed in an era of

ingenuity for creating easy to install and economic
building materials.
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