MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

SHIVAJIRAO S. JONDHALE POLYTECHNIC

MICRO PROJECT
Academic year 2021-2022

TITLE OF PROJECT
P-N JUNCTION DIODE

Branch: Information Technology

Program code: IF2I
Course: BEC

Course Code: 22225

 MAHARASHTRA STATE

BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Dhananajay pandey..

Roll No. 502 of 1st Semester of Diploma in Information

technology engineering of Institute, Shivajirao S. Jondhale
POLYTECHNIC (Code: 0004) has completed the Micro
Project satisfactorily in Subject–BEC for the academic year
2021.- 2022 as prescribed in the curriculum

Place: ambernath EnrollmentNo:2101470154

Date: ……………………… Exam. Seat No…………….

Subject Teacher. Head of the Department principal

 MAHARASHTRA STATE

BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Abhishek.shah

Roll No. 502 of 1st Semester of Diploma in Information

technology engineering of Institute, Shivajirao S. Jondhale
POLYTECHNIC (Code: 0004) has completed the Micro
Projectsatisfactorily in BEC for the academic year 2021.- 2022 as
prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: ambernath Enrollment No:2101470154

Date: ……………………… Exam. Seat No…………….

Subject Teacher. Head of the Department Principal

 MAHARASHTRA STATE

BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Karan.das

Roll No. 502 of 1st Semester of Diploma in Information

technology engineering of Institute, Shivajirao S. Jondhale
POLYTECHNIC (Code: 0004) has completed the Micro
Projectsatisfactorily in Subject–BEC for the academic year
2021.- 2022 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: ambernath Enrollment No:210147015

Date: ……………………… Exam. Seat No…………….

Subject Teacher. Head of the Department Principal

 MAHARASHTRA STATE

BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Aditya kalal

Roll No. 502 of 1st Semester of Diploma in Information

technology engineering of Institute, Shivajirao S. Jondhale
POLYTECHNIC (Code: 0004) has completed the Micro
Projectsatisfactorily in BEC for the academic year 2021.- 2022
as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: ambernath Enrollment No:2101470154

Date: ……………………… Exam. Seat No…………….

Subject Teacher. Head of the Department Principal

 MAHARASHTRA STATE

BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Avesh.mohamaad

Roll No. 502 of 1st Semester of Diploma in Information

technology engineering of Institute, Shivajirao S. Jondhale
POLYTECHNIC (Code: 0004) has completed the Micro
Projectsatisfactorily in Subject–BEC for the academic year
2021.- 2022 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: ambernath Enrollment No:2101470154

Date: ……………………… Exam. Seat No…………….

Subject Teacher. Head of the Department Principal

 Group detail

Sr.No Name of group Roll No. Enrollment

member no.

1. Dhananjay .pandey 510 2101470151

2. Abhishek .shah 501 2101470147

3. Karan .Das 503 2101470153

4. Aditya .kalal 508 2101470155

5. Avesh .shaikh 515 2101470148

Guide by: POONAM MAM

 index
SR.NO. CONTENT. PAGE.NO REMARKS

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 DEFINATION 2

3 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 3

4 SYMBOL 4

5 WORKING PRINCIPLE 5

6 SPECIFICATIONS 6

7 APPLICATIONS 7

8 TYPES OF DIODES 8

9 EVOLUTION SHEET 9

10 DIARY 10
P-N junction diode

A PN Junction Diode is one of

the simplest semiconductor
devices around, and which has
the electrical characteristic of
passing current through itself in
one direction only. However,
unlike a resistor, a diode does
not behave linearly with respect
to the applied voltage.
Definition
When a P-type semiconductor is
suitably joined to on N-type
semiconductor under suitable
condition by using a special technique
to form a P-N junction, the device so
constructed is called a P-N junction
diode or a semiconductor diode.The
P-N junction itself forms the most
basic semiconductor device called
semiconductor diode. It is also known
as a rectifier diode.The meaning of
the term diode is that the device
having two electrodes, i.e. di-ode.It is
a unidirectional device.
Construction Details
A P-N junction diode consists of a P-N
junction formed either in Germanium
or Silicon crystal as shown in Fig. 2.5
(a).A P-N junction diode is
constructed by joining a P-type
semiconductor to an N-type
semiconductor under suitable
condition by using a special
technique.It has two terminals called
anode A and cathode K.The P-region
of a diode is called anode (A) and the
N-region is called cathode (K).
Symbol
The P-N junction (or semiconductor
diode) is represented by its schematic
symbol as shown in Figure(b).The
symbol looks like an arrow pointing
from the P-region to the N-
region.The arrow head, shown in the
circuit symbol, points the direction of
conventional current flow, when it is
forward biased.
Working Principle
1. Forward Bias: Consider a P-N
junction diode as shown in
Figure(a).When the battery is not
connected, there is a barrier
potential (i.e. fictitious battery) of
0.3 V for Germanium and 0.7 V for
Silicon across the P-N junction of a
diode.
The external applied voltage of
forward bias is opposed by the
barrier voltage and the diode does
not conduct the current due to the
majority charge carriers.
As the applied voltage is increased
above the barrier potential, it
overcomes the opposition of barrier
potential and the diode conducts the
current due to majority carriers. This
current is called forward current (If)
and flows from anode to cathode
through the diode. It is of the order of
20 to 50 mA at about 1 V
2.Reverse bias:Consider a P-N
junction diode as shown in Figure
(b).The barrier potential of
fictitious
battery across the P-N junction
add
with the external applied voltage.
But, diode does not conduct the
current due to majority charge
As the applied reverse voltage is
increased, very small amount of
current (negligible as compared
to forward current) flows
through the diode due to
minority charge carriers. This
current is called reverse
saturation current (lo).It is of
the order of nanoamperes (1 mA
= 10-9 A) for Silicon and
microamperes (1 µA = 10-6 A)
for Germanium diode.
Specifications
The important specifications of a P-N
junction diode are listed below:
(1)Maximum reverse voltage (V)
(2) Maximum forward current (mA)
(3) Repetitive peak forward current
(4)Surge current (A)
(5)Maximum junction temperature (°C)
(6) Reverse saturation current (A)
(7) Power disspation.
(8)Forward voltage (V)
(9) Cut-in voltage (knee voltage) V.
(10)Average forward current (A)
(11) Repetitive peak voltage (V)
(12) Operating ambient temperature (°C)
Applications
The P-N junction diode has the
following important applications:
1.It is used as a rectifier in DC
power supply.
2.It is used as a free wheel diode
across relay or inductive load.
3. It is used as a switch in logic
circuits used in computers.
4. It is used as a detector in
demodulation circuits of
communication receiver.
5. It is used for wave shaping in
clipping and clamping circuits.
6. It is used as a voltage doubler,
tripler, quadrupler in voltage
multiplier circuits.
Types of Diodes
There are different types of
semiconductor diodes. They
are:
(1) P-N junction.
(2) Zener diode.
(3) Tunnel diode.
(4) LED.
(5) Photodiode
(6) Power diode
(7) Gunn diode
(8) Varactor.
(9) Schottky diode.
(10) PIN diode
 SHIVAJIRAO JONDHALE POLYTECHNIC,
AMBERNATH (E).

Academic year 2021-2022

Teacher Evaluation sheet for micro project of BEC

Program Title : Information Technology.

Course Title & Course code:Basic Electronics(22225)

Semester : Second.

Name of Students : 1) Dhananjay Pandey(510).

2) Abhishek Shah(501).
3) Karan Das(502).
4) Aditya Kalal(508).
5)Avesh shaikh.(515).

Project Title : P-N junction diode

CO’s Addressed by the Micro-project : Use Basic
Knowledge of BEC to solve Engineering.

Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing

the project :

a)Practical outcomes : I) Students Understood the

Concepts of BEC.
II) Students Improve Their problems Solving Skill in
Group , discussion making skills and logical reasoning.
III) Students have improves their management skills . For
example, time management, Teamwork, etc.

b)Unit outcomes(In Cognitive domain) : Students

understood the concept of BEC. They can use knowledge
of BEC in their real life.

c) Outcomes in affective domain :Students can participate

effectively in group work. Students also learnt many
things in Excel , PowerPoint , etc.Habit of keeping record
of event . Collect relevant material , data from different
sources.
Comments/Suggestions about team work / Leadership /
Inter-personal communication (If any)
Consistency in work , good co-ordination and involvement
in team.
BEC