G30S/PKI

A. Background
• The “Demokrasi Terpimpin” means the President is the center
of leadership
• This type of democracy weakens other political parties and
strengthens PKI and the Army
• Leader: D.N.Aidit
• Factors that strengthen the Army’s influence
1. Active in politics
2. Freedom for West Irian campain, and nationalization of the
Dutch’s mining companies
• Factors that strengthen the PKI’s influence
1. PKI has always supported the government and the President,
making them to be a legitimate political power
2. PKI supported Soekarno in campaigning the “Ganyang
Malaysia” movement. This is called the Confrontation
Politics
Rivalry between PKI and Army
1. In 1963, PKI provoked farmers in Java, North Sumatra and
Bali to take over lands owned by private companies and
claimed the as their own. They also demonstrated to demand
higher payment
2. Attacks towards religious organization such as Pesantrens in
Kanigoro and Kediri
3. In January 1965, PKI demanded that farmers and the labor
force should be armed, and considered as the 5th force
4. In May 1965, the PKI started a rumor stating the Army is
establishing a “Dewan Jendral”
5. The Army sworn their loyalty to the government and President
Soekarno
• Through this numerous events of rivalry, President Soekarno
was in poor health condition
• His condition worsen the Indonesian political condition
C. G30S/PKI
• The night of the 30th September 1965, a group of the
Cakrabirawa military force kidnaped and murdered high
ranking military Generals and Officer to the Lubang Buaya
Area
• Comander: Letkol Untung, The comander of Cakrabirawa
Balalyon 1
• On the 30th September 1965, 2 strategic areas of
communication have been hijacked, they are the RRI radio
station and The PN Telecomunication.
• On the radio it was announced that the G30S/PKI is a military
movement to cleanse the army from the “Dewan Jendral”
attempt to coup d'etat the government
Fallen Heroes of the Revolution
Kidnappings and tortures of the
Generals
• General A.H. Nasution was also a target, but he managed to
run away, but his 5 year old daughter was shot instead by the
Cakrabirawas.
• His adjutant that pretended to be the General in order to protect
him was captured instead
General Nasution and Ade Irma Suryani
The Death of Ade Irma
Captain Pierre Andreas Tendean
The PKI disposed the bodies after the
torturing in an old Well
The Lubang Buaya Well
• General A.H. Nasution addressed a speech about the wrong
doings of the PKI, and PKI was the perpetrators of the
kidnappings and killing of the generals
The Search of the Gendreal’s Bodies was
Led By Mayjend Suharto
The Retrievals of the Genderal’s Bodies
in the Well at Lubang Buaya area
The Fallen Generals
The Crushing of the PKI movement
• The PKI military head quarters was based at the Halim
Perdanakusuma military air base
• Mayjen Suharto led the operation and gathered other military
forces that was in favor to the government
• The PKI was crushed by the Kostrad army force and the
leaders was sentenced to death
The Funeral of the Fallen Hearoes
Anti PKI movement across Indonesia
The End of “Orla” and
The Start of “Orba”
 Quiz
1. What was proposed to Soekarno in 1965 regarding the PKI’s plans to gain
power and arms on the Indonesian government?
2. What was the concept of Land Reform promoted by the PKI?
3. What was the Dewan Jendral? Explain the plan of it!
4. Why was the PKI very powerful at that time?
5. Why was the TNI a powerful factor in the Indonesian politics?
6. What was the Cakrabirawa, and what was their involvement in the
G30S/PKI?
7. Who was the PKI prime target in the G30S/PKI, why, and what happen
instead?
8. How many victims were there from the TNI high military rank on
G30S/PKI? Explain in detail!
9. What was Major Soeharto involvement in the G30S/PKI?
10. How did the Indonesian people reacted after the G30S/PKI happen?