 Egg type

 A special species of hens widely raised for

 eggs.
Needs to be raised from when they are one
 day old.
Start laying eggs commercially from 18-19
weeks of age. They remain to lay eggs
continuously till their 72-78 weeks of age.
 Can produce about one kg of eggs by
consuming about 2.25 kg of food during their
egg laying period.
White Egg Laying Hens
This type of hens are comparatively
smaller in size. Relatively eat less food,
and the color of egg shell is white.

Brown Egg Laying Hens

Brown egg laying hens are relatively
larger in size. They eat more foods,
compared to white egg layers. Lay bigger
eggs than other laying breeds. Egg shell is
brown colored.
 Originally, they were bred in Germany by  Are highly adaptable chickens and
Lohmann Tierzucht, and in the Philippines, they perform well in a wide variety of
can be acquired from San Miguel among other  Theyclimatic conditions.
also have a very calm temperament.
 companies.
The most common and “classic” layer breeds in
the Philippines as well as the rest of the world.
 Feeds are formulated and manufactured for chickens to meet their nutritional needs at specific
ages and production characteristics.
o Layer feeds contain about 16
 Feed newly  These feeds
percent protein and extra
hatched chicks a usually contain
calcium so the chickens will
starter diet until between 18 and
lay eggs with strong shells.
they are about 6 20 percent
weeks old. protein.  These feeds basically are
 Once the birds  Grower feeds are
layer feeds containing
reach about 6 about 15 or 16
slightly more protein and
weeks of age, percent protein.
fortified with extra vitamins
substitute a
for proper chick
grower feed for
development
• Prevent and hatching.
the starter. common yet
 After about 14  These feeds are
serious diseases in
weeks of age, you about 14 to 15
 The chicken
single most flocks. nutrient
important
can substitute the percent protein.
grower feed with that chickens consume.
developer feeds if
 The mechanics of feeding are nearly as  A good layer poultry housing system keeps the bird safe,
important as the feed itself. well growing and productive. It protects the poultry birds
 Supply enough feeder space so that all the from adverse weather condition, injury and predators.
birds can eat at the same time.
• Keep feed Deep Litter Cage System
available for the  Birds are kept in litter floor.  This system involves rearing of
• Givingbirds constantly.
a limited  Arrangement for feed, water poultry on raised wire netting
amount of feed several and nest are made inside the floor in smaller compartments,
called cages, either fitted with
times each day, but can  Fresh
house.litter materials spread on
stands on floor of house or
reduce productivity if  the floor.
The birds are kept on suitable  It has been
hanged fromproved very efficient
the roof.
 Place feeders andnot managed
waterers carefully.
so the trough is litter material of about 3” to 5” for laying operations, right from
at the level of the birds’ backs. This depth. day-old to till disposal.
practice reduces feed spillage, which Elevated Cage System
encourages rodents, wastes feed, and costs  The height of the shed is
 money.
Store feed for a maximum of 2 months, raised by 6-7 feet using
and keep it in a cool, dry place.  Two
concretefeet wide concrete
pillars.
platforms are made over the
 Feed formulation should be based on age pillars.
 The total height of the house is
of the birds, nutritional requirement of the
20-25 feet and the width is 30-
breed and feed intake of the birds.
Dropping
board  Facilitates  Horizontal poles
collection of where birds sit and
rest.
manure Perches
Nest  Containers where Fencing
 It is where hens feeds are stored for  In the case of free
lay their eggs future use. range poultry
Feed bins farming system fencing
is a must because it
 Should be large and  A poultry equipment protect the poultry birds
sufficient enough to which is used for from all types of
supply the water needs hatching the birds predators.
of the birds for the egg in unnatural
Drinker
whole day. Incubator ways.
Flooring
 An equipment which is  A heated container
that can have its  Neat, clean and dry
used for feeding the
temperature floor keep the birds
poultry birds.
Brooder controlled in at healthy.
Feeder
 Water Management
 This is an
 Poultry should always have
equipment used
access to plenty of cool, fresh
in weighing the
Egg scale weight of the drinking water, but make sure
 the
Saltwater is low in provided
is already salt. in
eggs.
poultry feed, and drinking
water with high salt levels,
 It is used for may cause an oversupply of
Lighting System washing the o increased
 Lighting play a very important role for the layer Egg washer these mineralswater intake
and lead to:
eggs before o wetter droppings and wet
poultry birds. They require a certain lighting
delivery. litter issues
period for laying maximum number of eggs. o reduced performance.
Usually layer poultry birds require about 16 hours
 Generally, water intake should
of lighting and 8 hours of darkness period for
be about 1.5 to 2 times feed
maximum egg production.
 intake.
Check drinkers daily to ensure
 This is an equipment they are in working order.
used in setting the eggs. Ventilation fan Drinker systems should also
It is a tray-like be cleaned and flushed
 The ventilation fan is an
equipment where the regularly to remove any
Egg tray eggs are place for equipment used for microbial or mineral build up
sampling. ensuring maximum in the lines.
  The process of eliminating undesirable
birds or those birds which do not possess
 Moulting is the process of shedding and renewing the qualities for giving enough benefit in
return for their culture.
feathers. During the moult the reproductive  Hens should be culled about 8 to 10 weeks after being
physiology of the bird is allowed a complete rest from placed in laying house. This will give them enough time to
laying and the bird builds up its body reserves of adjust to their new environment and reach the peak of
nutrients. production. It also gives slower maturing pullets extra time
to develop.

 The practice of causing stress to egg-laying

hens, usually through starvation, so that they
will produce larger eggs later.
o Pre-molt (0-7 days)
o Molting (7-14 days)
o Post Molt (15-49 days)

 Adult chickens normally molt once a

year, usually in the Autumn.
 Result from disease or stress,
such as chilling or going
  A widespread
management practice Categories of Marketing Strategy for Poultry
designed to reduce  Trader from farmer: At the local market on the farm gate, the
the degree of products are
 Retailer sold.farmer: Here, the products generally sold to
from
damage inflicted if
 supermarkets
Leading farmerand restaurant.
from farmer: The demand for large volumes are
one bird pecks at the
accessing by a leading farmer and the products are sold to him.
feathers or skin
 Beak trimming can be conducted on the of
another.  Co-operatives from farmer: Where farmers stock their major poultry
rearing farm, usually when birds are products and sell to packers, then products are sold to co-operative.
between 5 and 10 days of age, using a  Sign-up with farmer: The buyer of market assures the farmer.
hot-blade (HB) technique where a heated
guillotine blade (approximately 700°C)  Packingo Chicken eggs must be packed in cartons or suitable
cuts and cauterizes the beak tissue. containers that will avoid causing any external or internal
 Marking or Labeling
damage to the produce.
o Each container shall be legibly labeled on the same side with the
following
Name ofinformation:
the product or the word  Weight of the
eggs
 Name of producer, packer and  The
“eggs” words
 distributor/exporter
The words “Product of the “Laid on”
 Philippines”
Storage
o Eggs are stored in a cool room at about 13°C and transported in an
o insulated
In the home
truck.and shop situation it is best to store them at normal
 Beak trimming is performed early in the refrigerator temperature (4-6 °C).
life of commercial hens to decrease  Marketing involves a range of prices, depending on the different
injuries caused by cannibalism, bullying, sizes of egg, different brands, or other differences which attract
 Chicken eggs shall be grouped into two  Classification determined by interior and
based on the color of shell. exterior quality and designated by letters-
1. Whites  The USDA provides AA, A aand B.
grading service for shell eggs. Its
official grade shield certifies that the egg have been graded
2. Browns
under federal supervision according to USDA standards
lasses of eggs based on weight (grams per egg): and regulations.
 There is NO difference in nutritive value
between the different grades.
Philippine National Standards – Table Egg Specifications
  Biosecurity refers to the management
B practices aimed at excluding or
reducing the transmission and spread
 Farm workers should wear neat and clean clothes, and
 Hand
boots.sanitizer should be used prior to house entry and
I of diseases to animals, humans or an
 area from
“Bio” the disease
refers to life,causing

agents. Farm workers
and “security”
should not entertain or contact with outside farm birds.
upon exit.
 Visitors on farms should be discouraged, especially contract
O indicates protection.
 Biosecurity is the key factor for better
persons like veterinarians and service providers. Visitor
guidelines should be properly mentioned outside and inside the
S chicken health and profitable poultry
production.
 Avoid allowing
farm. pets, wild birds and livestock inside the farm.
 Spraying disinfectants inside the farm should be done thrice a
E week; in diseased condition once or twice a day depending on
 Spraying
theofnature
disinfectant in vehicles of visitors should be strictly done.
of disease.
C  Treated water should be used if there is provision of surface
water or during diseased condition.
U  Before entry of chicks, farm should be properly disinfected and fumigated
 Hatched eggs should be properly disinfected.
 Workrooms should be maintained clean.
R  Biosecurity is based on two  Sharing farm equipment’s like poultry birds in cages should be
fundamental principles: avoided. Effective way of cleaning and disinfection of
I 1. Bio-exclusion- “preventing theRoutineequipment
maintenance of be
must farm should
taken carebe conducted
between whenever possible.
farms.
introduction of a disease agent  Litter delivery and collection of used litter – trucks carrying
T onto a farm”; and new or previous litter must be cleaned and disinfected between
2. Bio-confinement- “preventing the  Other delivery
production vehicles (e.g. gas, chicks, prepared flocks, eggs
areas.
Y spread of a disease agent onto a and feed) and drivers should not be allowed to enter in farms.
https://afs.ca.uky.edu/files/2-egg_quality_and_sizing.pdfhttp://benisonmedia.com/poultry-management-and-biosecurity-
measures/
http://ecochickspoultry.com/a-list-of-poultry-farming-equipments-and-their-uses/
https://en.engormix.com/poultry-industry/articles/feed-management-layerst41672.htm#:~:text=Carbohydrates%2C%20proteins
%2C%20fats%2C%20vitamins
%2C%20minerals%20and%20water%20are,in%20poultry%20layers%20that%20are%20discussed%20as%20follows
https://fareasternagriculture.com/live-stock/poultry/layer-management-and-egg-production
https://morningchores.com/egg-laying-chickens/
https://poultrymanual.com/poultry-philippines-chicken-breeds
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https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/poultry/breeds-of-poultry/housing-for-layers
https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/livestock/poultry/diseases-health-management/
maintaining-healthy-flock/
feed-water
https://www.china-chickencage.com/ultimate-poultry-business-tips-marketing-strategy/
https://www.growelagrovet.com/layerpoultryfarming/#:~:text=Layer%20chickens%20are%20such%20a%20special%20species
%20of,kg%20of%20food%20 during%20their%20egg%20laying%20period
http://www.poultrydvm.com/condition/molting
http://www.poultryhub.org/health/health-management/beak-trimming/
http://www.poultryhub.org/production/industry-structure-and-organisations/egg-industry/
https://www.roysfarm.com/poultry-equipments/
https://www.roysfarm.com/layer-poultry-feed/