EL Consumo de Café

¿Riesgoso o saludable?

Dr. Antero Caballero Zegarra

CMP: 71871
Traumatólogo – Cirujano Ortopedista
• Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of publications identified in a PubMed and
EMBASE search up to 30 April 2011 was undertaken. Data were extracted from controlled trials
on the effect of caffeine or coffee intake on BP change and from cohort studies on the
association between habitual coffee consumption and CVD.
• Results: In 5 trials, the administration of 200-300 mg caffeine produced a mean increase of 8.1
mm Hg (95% CI: 5.7, 10.6 mm Hg) in systolic BP and of 5.7 mm Hg (95% CI: 4.1, 7.4 mm Hg) in
diastolic BP. The increase in BP was observed in the first hour after caffeine intake and lasted ≥3
h. In 3 studies of the longer-term effect (2 wk) of coffee, no increase in BP was observed after
coffee was compared with a caffeine-free diet or was compared with decaffeinated coffee. Last,
7 cohort studies found no evidence of an association between habitual coffee consumption and
a higher risk of CVD.
• Conclusions: In hypertensive individuals, caffeine intake produces an acute increase in BP for ≥3
h. However, current evidence does not support an association between longer-term coffee
• In contrast to these reports, recent, well controlled, studies have demonstrated
either a neutral or beneficial effect of moderate coffee consumption (3-4 cups/day),
on BP, CVD, heart failure (HF), cardiac arrhythmias, or diabetes mellitus (DM).
• Medline database was conducted between 2010 and 2016 on studies with data on
effect on the coffee consumption in patients with high BP, CVD, HF, cardiac
arrhythmias or DM.
• Of the 94 abstracts reviewed, 34 pertinent papers were selected, and the findings
from these papers together with collateral literature will be discussed in this special
report. Expert commentary: Based on the evidence from these studies, coffee
consumption in moderation, is safe and is beneficial in both healthy persons as well
• The health benefits associated with the estrogenic coffee
constituents, such as bone protection, cancer treatment/prevention,
cardioprotection, neuroprotection, and the improvement of
menopausal syndromes, were summarized, including their potential
therapeutic/clinical applications.
• Habitual coffee consumption is also associated with lower risks for cardiovascular (CV)
death and a variety of adverse CV outcomes, including coronary heart disease (CHD),
congestive heart failure (HF), and stroke; coffee's effects on arrhythmias and hypertension
are neutral.
• Coffee consumption is associated with improvements in some CV risk factors, including
type 2 diabetes (T2D), depression, and obesity.
• Chronic coffee consumption also appears to protect against some neurodegenerative
diseases, and is associated with improved asthma control, and lower risks for liver
disease and cancer. Habitual intake of 3 to 4 cups of coffee appears to be safe and is
associated with the most robust beneficial effects.
• Potential risks, which are generally due to its high caffeine content, including anxiety,
insomnia, headaches, tremulousness, and palpitations. Coffee may also increase risk of
fracture in women, and when consumed in pregnancy coffee increases risk for low birth
weight and preterm labor.
• This paper presents a systematic literature review of consumer research
towards coffee with the objective to identify and categorize motives,
preferences and attributes of coffee consumption and purchasing behavior.
Research papers were analyzed in terms of main characteristics and
components (study type, research methodology, sampling, and product
type). The review gives a systematic overview of the heterogeneous group
of concepts and approaches that have been used so far to examine
consumer behavior towards coffee. Results provide a model of key
determinants for coffee consumption that can be grouped into the
categories, (1) personal preferences, (2) economic attributes, (3) product
attributes, (4) context of consumption, and (5) socio-demographics. The
findings also show that there is a strong focus on coffee sustainability.
• Results: We included 253,514 participants with 12,939 fracture cases from 9
cohort and 6 case-control studies. The estimated RR of fractures at the highest
level of coffee consumption was RR:1.14 in women and RR:0.76 in men. In the
dose-response analysis, the pooled RRs of fractures in women who consumed 2
and 8 cups of coffee per day were RR:1.02 (95% CI: 1.01-1.04) and RR:1.54 (95%
CI: 1.19-1.99), respectively.
• Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggests that daily consumption of coffee is
associated with an increased risk of fractures in women and a contrasting
decreased risk in men. However, future well-designed studies should be
performed to confirm these findings.
• Coffee consumption is not associated with overall cancer risk.
• A meta-analysis reported a pooled relative risk (RR) for an increment of 1 cup of
coffee/day of 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99-1.01] for all cancers.
• Coffee drinking is associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer. A meta-analysis
of cohort studies found an RR for an increment of consumption of 1 cup/day of
0.85 (95% CI: 0.81-0.90) for liver cancer and a favorable effect on liver enzymes
and cirrhosis.
• Another meta-analysis showed an inverse relation for endometrial cancer risk,
with an RR of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88-0.96) for an increment of 1 cup/day.
• Results: We included 21 cohort study articles (10 103 115 study participants
and 240 303 deaths). We found a nonlinear association between coffee
consumption and all-cause mortality (Pnonlinearity < 0.001). Compared with no or
rare coffee consumption, with a consumption of 3 cups day-1 , the risk of all-
cause mortality might reduce 13% (RR = 0.87; 95% confidence interval = 0.84-
0.89).
• Conclusions: The findings of the present study provide quantitative data
suggesting that coffee consumption plays a role in reducing the risk of all-
cause mortality. Similar inverse associations are found for caffeinated coffee
and decaffeinated coffee.
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