Relative masses and moles

Do now:
How might I be able to work out how many atoms are
in 12g of carbon? Discuss with your partner.
Every type of atom has a different mass. How
do you find out what this is?

Use this,
fools!
 Relative atomic mass (R.A.M. or Ar)
Look at chlorine on the Periodic Table

It has an atomic mass of

35.5.
Why?

You can’t have half a

R.A.M. is also called Ar proton/neutron…

It is to do with isotopes. Isotopes are different

forms of the same atom – they just have
different numbers of neutrons.
 Relative atomic mass (R.A.M or Ar)
R.A.M. takes into account all the stable
isotopes of that element

It is the average mass of that

element. It allows for the
relative mass and relative
abundance (amount) of that
element.

Chlorine - 35 Chlorine - 37
Relative Molecular Mass (RMM or Mr)

Mr is just all of the relative atomic masses

(RAM/Ar) added together.

So if you wanted to work out

how heavy a compound was,
O C O
you would do the following…
Let’s calculate
some R.M.M. This is CO 2 O C O

Made up from…

12 16
16
 Now you need to add up the mass of your
sheep…

12 16
16

1 carbon =1 x 12 =
12
2 oxygen =2 x 16 = +32
And that is simply the
44 formula mass of
relative
CO2
 Now do magnesium chloride, MgCl2

Mg Cl Cl

Find out how much each of the elements weigh by

looking at the Periodic table – what is their atomic
mass (the big number)?

24 + 35.5 + 35.5 = 95
 Calculating formula masses (RFM/Mr)
Who can answer these fastest? Calculate the Mr of:

1. Li I 10. C6H12O6
2. CH4 11. Fe2O3
3. CO2 12. C4H10
4. HCl 13. MnO4
5. H2SO4 14. C6H12
6. NaCl 15. KMnO4
7. NH3 16. Co2(SO4)3
8. MgCl2 17. Ni(CH3CO2)2
9. TiO 18. Na2HPO4
1. 7+127 = 134 10. (6x12)+(12x1)+(16x6)= 180
2. 12+(4x1) = 16 11. (2x56)+(3x16)= 160
3. 12+16+16 = 44 12. (4x12)+(10x1)= 58
4. 1+35.5 = 36.5 13. 55+(4x16)= 119
5. 2+32+(16x4)= 98 14. (6x12)+(12x1)= 84
6. 23+35.5= 58.5 15. 39+55+(16x4)= 158
7. 14+(3x1)= 17 16. (2x59)+(32x3)+(16x12)= 406
8. 24+(35.5x2)= 95
9. 48+16= 64

17. 59+(12x2)+(3x2)+(12x2)+(16x4)= 177

18. (23x2)+1+31+(16x4) = 142
 Moles
A mole is a way of us dealing with numbers of
atoms. Instead of us dealing with numbers in the
billions.

Think of it like counting numbers of smarties tubes

instead of each individual smartie.
 Moles triangle

g/mol
RAM, RFM, Mr and Ar are basically
the same. Use the large numbers on
the periodic table.
 Moles definitions
▪ Stoichiometry - The branch of chemistry concerned with relative
quantities (moles) of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
▪ Relative atomic mass (RAM/Ar) - The average mass of naturally
occurring atoms of an element on a scale where the 12C atom has a
mass of exactly 12 units.

▪ Relative molecular mass (RMM/Mr) - The sum of all the relative

atomic masses.

▪ The mole - The amount of a substance containing 6 x 1023 particles

(atoms, molecules, ions).

▪ Avogadro’s constant (or number) - The number of particles in one

mole of a substance (6 x 1023).
Practice makes perfect
 Calculate the moles from mass

3 significant figures

E.g. 5.01 mol

0.000345 mol
Or 3.45 x 10-4 mol
Check your work
Calculate the mass from moles
Check your work
Calculations
Check your work