Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME)

Rahul Pol.

J2ME

Java Editions
Different devices have different requirements and

different expectations of Java. One platform (solution) cannot address all the market segments (web server, video games etc.) Users/developers want flexibility. They want to choose what they want to use and what they do not.

J2ME

Java Editions
The Java 2 Platform is split into three editions. Each edition provides a complete environment for

running Java-based applications, including the Java virtual machine (VM) and runtime classes. The three editions target different kinds of applications running on different kinds of devices.

J2ME

Java Editions
Java2 Standard Edition (J2SE)

Java 2 Platform

Java2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE)

Java2 Micro Edition (J2ME)

Standard desktop & workstation applications

Heavy duty server systems

Small & memory constrained devices

J2ME

Java Editions
Each edition defines different sets of class libraries.
There are thousands of core J2SE runtime classes, taking up to 10-20 megabytes

of space. J2ME-based devices have fewer classes.

J2EE J2SE

J2ME

J2ME

J2ME Core Concepts

J2ME is based on 3 core concepts: Configurations Profiles Optional packages

J2ME

Configurations
A configuration is a complete Java runtime

environment, consisting of:

Java virtual machine (VM) to execute Java bytecode Native code to interface to the underlying system Set of core Java runtime classes

To use a configuration, a device must meet certain

minimum requirements.

J2ME

Configurations
Configuration

Connected Limited Device Configuration

CLDC

Connected Device Configuration

CDC

J2ME

CLDC vs. CDC

CLDC
For very constrained devices

CDC
2 MB or more memory

for Java platform 32-bit processor 160 - 512 KB of total memory High bandwidth 16-bit or 32-bit processor network connection, Low power consumption and most often using often operating with battery power TCP/IP Connectivity with limited bandwidth

J2ME

J2ME Core Concepts

J2ME is based on 3 core concepts: Configurations Profiles Optional packages

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Profiles
Adds domain-specific classes to a configuration:
To fill in missing functionality To support specific uses of a device

Most profiles define user interface classes for building interactive applications. To use a profile, the device must meet the minimum requirements of the underlying configuration and of the profile.

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Profiles
MIDP PDAP

Profile

FP

PBP

PP

Mobile Information Device Profile

Personal Digital Assistant Profile

Foundation Profile

Personal Basis Profile

Personal Profile

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J2ME Core Concepts

J2ME is based on 3 core concepts: Configurations Profiles Optional packages

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Optional Packages
Set of APIs in support of additional, common

behaviors. Have specific dependencies on a particular configuration and/or one or more profiles. Examples of optional packages :
RMI Optional Package Bluetooth Optional Package

JDBC Optional Package

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MIDlets The heart of J2ME

MIDP does not support the running of applications

that use a static main method as their entry point, nor calling the System.exit method in order to terminate. Instead, we use a MIDlet, which is a MID Profile application.

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MIDlets The heart of J2ME

Every application must extend

javax.microedition.midlet.MIDlet class to allow the application management software to:

control the MIDlet be able to retrieve properties from the application

descriptor notify and request state changes

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MIDlets The heart of J2ME

The extending class is the main class of the

application. The MIDlet class defines abstract methods that the main class implements (for example: startApp(), destroyApp(), notifyDestroyed()).

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MIDlet Suite
One or more MIDlets are packaged together into a

MIDlet suite, composed of:

JAR (Java archive) file JAD (Java Application Descriptor) file

All the user-defined classes and resources required by

the suite's MIDlets must be in the JAR file.

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Sample classes API

MIDlet Base class
Form Command CommandListener ItemCommandListener Item

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MIDlet class API

protected abstract void startApp()
protected abstract void pauseApp() protected abstract void

destroyApp(boolean unconditional) public final void notifyDestroyed()

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Sample classes API

MIDlet

Form
Command CommandListener ItemCommandListener Item

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Form class
A Form is a Screen that contains an arbitrary mixture of items: images, read-only text fields, editable text fields, editable date fields, gauges, choice groups, and custom items.
In general, any subclass of the Item class may be contained within a form. The implementation handles layout, traversal, and scrolling.

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Form class API

Item management
public int append(Item item) public Item get(int itemNum)

Layout
public void

setItemStateListener(ItemStateListener iListener)

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Sample classes API

MIDlet
Form

Command
CommandListener
ItemCommadListener

Item

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Command class
The Command class represents the semantic meaning of an action. Command objects are presented in the user interface. The action itself is implemented in a CommandListener object. The CommandListener is associated with a Displayable or an Item. Once the Command is called the CommandListener is invoked, and the action is performed.
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Command class
Command label

public String getLabel() Command type

public int getCommandType() Command priority

public int getPriority()

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CommandListener class API

This object is a listener for Commands that are

attached to a Displayable. public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable d)

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ItemCommandListener class API

When a command (attached to an Item) is invoked,

the application is notified by having the commandAction() method called on the ItemCommandListener that had been set on the Item. public void commandAction(Command c, Item item)

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Sample classes API

MIDlet
Form Command CommandListener ItemCommandListener

Item

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Item class
A superclass for components that can be added to a

Form. All Item objects have a label field Choose the Items layout, size, and appearance Attach Commands

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Item class API

public void

setDefaultCommand(Command cmd) public void setItemCommandListener(ItemCommandListe ner listener) public void notifyStateChanged() public int getPreferredWidth()

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Getting Started
1st step: Download suns J2ME Wireless

Toolkit from:
http://java.sun.com/products/j2mewtoolkit/download. html

2nd step: Make sure you have J2SE SDK

installed 3rd step: Install the J2ME Toolkit.

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Distribution to actual devices

Create a package
Place your code somewhere on the net. Update .jad file

Download the application to your mobile

Start playing

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Some other issues

OTA provisioning
Using Servlets Working with EclipseME

Web services

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The END!
You can download all the demos JARs from:

www.cs.huji.ac.il/~kerengaz/j2me/
Have Fun!!!

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