Quadrilaterals

PARALLELOGRAMS
 Definition
 A parallelogram is a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel.

B C

 Its symbol is a small figure:

A D

AB CD and BC AD
Naming a Parallelogram

 A parallelogram is named using all four vertices.

 You can start from any one vertex, but you must continue in
a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
 For example, this can be either
ABCD or ADCB.

B C

A D
Basic Properties

 There are four basic properties of all parallelograms.

 These properties have to do with the angles, the sides and
the diagonals.
Opposite Sides
Theorem Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.

B C

 That means that .

 So, if AB = 7, then _____ = 7?
A D

AB  CD and BC  AD
Opposite Angles
 One pair of opposite angles is A and
 C. The other pair is  B and  D.

B C

A D
Opposite Angles

Theorem Opposite angles of a

parallelogram are congruent.
Complete: If m  A = 75 and
m  B = 105, then m  C = ______
and m  D = ______ .
B C

A D
Consecutive Angles

Each angle is consecutive to two other

angles. A is consecutive with  B
and  D.
B C

A D
Consecutive Angles in Parallelograms

Theorem Consecutive angles in a parallelogram are

supplementary.
m  A + m  B = 180 and
 Therefore,
m  A + m  D = 180.
 If m<C = 46, then m  B = _____?

B C Consecutive
INTERIOR
Angles are
Supplementary!
A D
 Diagonals

 Diagonals are segments that join non-consecutive vertices.

 For example, in this diagram, the only two diagonals are
.

AC and BD

B C

A D
 Diagonal Property

When the diagonals of a parallelogram

intersect, they meet at the midpoint of each
diagonal.
 So, P is the midpoint of AC and
. BD
 Therefore, they bisect each other;
AP  PC so BPand
 PD
. B C

 But, the diagonals are not congruent! P

AC  BD
A D
 Diagonal Property

Theorem The diagonals of a parallelogram

bisect each other.
B C

A D
 Parallelogram Summary

 By its definition, opposite sides are parallel.

Other properties (theorems):
 Opposite sides are congruent.
 Opposite angles are congruent.
 Consecutive angles are supplementary.
 The diagonals bisect each other.
Examples

 1. Draw HKLP.
 2. Complete: HK = _______ and HP = ________
.
 3. m<K = m<______ .
 4. m<L + m<______ = 180.
 5. If m<P = 65, then m<H = ____,
m<K = ______ and m<L =______ .
Examples

 6. Draw in the diagonals. They intersect at M.

 7. Complete: If HM = 5, then ML = ____ .
 8. If KM = 7, then KP = ____ .
 9. If HL = 15, then ML = ____ .
 10. If m<HPK = 36, then m<PKL = _____ .
 Flow Chart 16

Lesson 6-5: Trapezoid & Kites

Quadrilaterals

Kite Parallelogram Trapezoid

Isosceles
Trapezoid
Rectangle Rhombus

Square
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