Presentation By:

Shamsa Rubab
MDGs
MDGs stands for Millennium Development Goals were eight
international development goals that were established
following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in
2000. These goals were designed to address various global
challenges and improve the living conditions of people around
the world. The target date for achieving the Millennium
Development Goals was set for 2015.
Eight MDGs
1-Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
2-Achieve universal primary education.
3-Promote gender equality and empower women.
4-Reduce child mortality.
5-Improve maternal health.
6-Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases.
7-Ensure environmental sustainability.
8-Develop a global partnership for development.

Link: https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blog/posts/4351672734594348104?
pli=1
Goal-1: Eradicate extreme
poverty and hunger
 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger" was one of the Millennium

Development Goals (MDGs) established by the United Nations. It was Goal 1
among the eight MDGs. The aim was to significantly reduce, if not completely
eliminate, extreme poverty and hunger worldwide by the target date of 2015.
Targets and Indicators of eradicate
extreme poverty and hunger
 Target 1: Halve the proportion of people living in extreme
poverty

Indicator 1: Proportion of people living on

less than $1.25 a day
This indicator measured the percentage of the
population living below the international
poverty line of $1.25 per day (at 2005
international prices).
Target 2: Achieve full and productive employment
and decent work for all

 Indicator 2.1: Employment-to-population ratio

This indicator assessed the proportion of the working-age
population
(15-64 years) that is employed.
 Indicator 2.2: Proportion of employed people living below $1.25
(PPP) per day This indicator looked at the percentage of workers
living in extreme poverty
 Target 3: Halve the proportion of people who suffer
from hunger

Indicator 3.1: Prevalence of underweight children under five years of

age
This indicator measured the percentage of children under the age of
five whose weight was below the international standard for their age.
Indicator 3.2: Proportion of population below minimum level of
dietary energy consumption
Factor effect the eradicate extreme
poverty and hunger

Global Factors
 Economic Policies
 Conflict and Instability
 Global Health
 Climate Changes
 International Cooperation
Factor effect Eradicate extreme poverty
and hunger in Pakistan
 Socio-Economic Polices
 Agricultural Reforms
 Education and Skills
 Healthcare Access
 Gender Equality
 Infrastructure Development
 Governance and Corruption
 International Collaboration
 Political stability
Critical Effect of Eradicate Extreme
poverty and hunger on Pakistan Economy

 Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction

 Human Development
 Agricultural Productivity
 Social Welfare Programs
 Foreign Aid and Assistance
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
were of great importance for several reasons

 Global Focus on Development

 Improved Quality of Life
 Mobilization of Resources
 Raised Awareness and Accountability
.
Ratio of poverty in Pakistan.

Pakistan poverty rate for 2018 was 84.50%, a 0.7% increase from 2015.
Pakistan poverty rate for 2015 was 83.80%, a 2.7% decline from 2013.
Pakistan poverty rate for 2013 was 86.50%, a 2.6% decline from 2011.
Pakistan poverty rate for 2011 was 89.10%, a 1.3% decline from 2010
criticisms associated with the MDGs:

 Limited Scope
 Measurement Challenges
 Root Causes(such as economic inequality, political
instability, and lack of access to resources).
 Limited Participation
 conclusion

The conclusion of the MDGs in 2015 led to the adoption of a broader and more
comprehensive set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs,
consisting of 17 interconnected goals and 169 targets, aimed to build upon the
progress made under the MDGs while addressing the unfinished agendas and
integrating new challenges, including climate change, inequality, and sustainable
consumption.
Education in Pakistan
 Education
Any act or experience that has a formative effect on
the mind, character or physical ability of an
individual.

In its technical sense, education is the process by

which society deliberately transmits its accumulated
knowledge, skills and values from one generation to
another.
Education in Pakistan
• Education in Pakistan is overseen by
the Federal Ministry of Education and
the provincial governments.
Where,
• federal government mostly assists in
curriculum development, accreditation
and in the financing of research and
development.
Academic Structure of Pakistan
• Preschool (for the age from 3 to 5 years)
• Primary (grades one through five)
• Middle (grades six through eight)
• High (grades nine and ten, leading to the Secondary
School Certificate or SSC)
• Intermediate (grades eleven and twelve, leading to
a Higher Secondary School Certificate or HSSC)
• University programs leading to undergraduate and
graduate degrees.
 Explaining Literacy In Pakistan
Census Definition Age
Year
1951 One who can read a clear print in any language All Ages

1961 One who can read a clear print in any language letter Age 5 and
and write in any language above

1972 One who is able to read and write in some language Age 10 and
with understanding above

1981 One who can read newspaper and write a simple letter Age 10 and
above

1998 One who can read a newspaper and write a simple Age 10 and
letter, in any language. above

2017 One who is able to read and understand simple text in Age 10 and
any language from a newspaper /magazine, write a above
simple letter and perform basic mathematical
Education Policy in Pakistan

 All Pakistan Education Conference (1947)

 Education should be inspired by Islam
 Free and compulsory middle Education
 Emphasis on technical education
 National Education Conference 1951
 Six Year National Plan for Educational Development:
Specification of physical and financial targets
 Expansion of enrollment due to cross-border migration

 Rapid increase in public expenditure on education

• National Commission on Education 1959
– Religious instruction for character development
– Introduction of technical/vocational subjects in secondary stages
– Middle level technical education
– Extension of Bachelor’s degree programs from 2-3 years

• Assessment
– A quantitative success: 96% of the planned investments
– Targets for primary education and technical education not fulfilled
– Extension of B.A./ B.Sc. Led to student unrest.
• Education Policy and Nationalization (1972)
– Nationalization of private educational institutes
• Objectives:
• Improving education standards
• Equalizing opportunities for education
• Eradicating imbalances b/w types of education
• Assessment:
• Government’s education expenditure doubled
• No consultation from educationists
• Compromise on quality of education
 National Education Policy (1979)
 Islamization of the education system
 Reorganizing the entire content of curriculum around
Islamic thought
 Merging traditional Madrassah Education with modern
education
 Urdu as medium of instruction
 Mobilization of community resources
 Emphasis on quality improvement relative to quantity
of institutions
 Separate educational institutions for female students
 Outcomes:
 Integrated curriculum was introduced
 Medium of instruction reverted to English after
class eight
 Secular subjects introduced in the Deeni Madaris
 Mosques were used as part of formal primary
education
 Nai Roshni Schools: Education for adults
 Universitiesbecame the responsibility for the
federal Government
 National Education Policy (1992)
 Universalizingprimary education, eliminating
dropout by 2002
 Modernizing curriculum
 Privatization of nationalized institutes
 Reformation of examination system
 Merit-based admission procedures devised by
National Testing Services.
 Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs,2000)
 In September of the year 2000, leaders of 189
countries met at the United Nations in New
York and endorsed the Millennium
Declaration, a commitment to work together
to build a safer, more prosperous and
equitable world. The Declaration was
translated into a roadmap setting out eight
time-bound and measurable goals to be
reached by 2015, known as the Millennium
Development Goals, namely:
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development
 Millennium Development Goal No. 2:
Education for All
 According to UN (2001) this goal was further divided into six sub-goals to meet the
learning needs of all children, youth and adults by 2015. These sub-goals /targets were
as;
 1. Expansion and improvement in early childhood care and education, especially for the
deprived children.
 2. Ensuring access to compulsory basic education of good quality, for all children
especially girls by 2015.
 3. Ensuring life skills education and better learning environment to youngsters.
 4. Improving fifty (50 %) literacy rate of youngsters especially girls by 2015.
 5. Decreasing gender gap up to secondary education and ensuring equality by 2015.
 6. Improvement in quality of education in life skill, numeracy and literacy
Establishment of Ministry of Education and
Training 
Ministry by the name of Education and Training was established in July, 2011.
 Following functions have been assigned to this new Ministry.
 National Vocational and Technical Education Commission (NAVTEC).
 Academy of Educational Planning and Management (AEPAM)
 Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE),
 National Educational Assessment Centre
 National Training Bureau, Islamabad.
 Pakistan Manpower Institute.
 National Internship Programme (NIP).
 Akhtar Hameed Khan, National Centre for Rural Development Islamabad.
 National Talent Pool, Islamabad.
Achievement of MDG 2 in Pakistan
• Pakistan could not achieve its targets of MDG 2. It
remained fail in achieving all three indicators till the
end of the period 2015. Particularly retention rate at
primary level is very low. Target of literacy rate was
88 %, while Pakistan was able to increase its literacy
rate up to 58 % which was very low against the MDGs
target.
(Government of Pakistan, 2013).
Goal No. 2 UPE Targets Achievements

Net primary enrolment 100% 57 %

ratio (%)

Completion/survival rate 100% 50%

Grade 1 to 5 (%t)

Literacy rate (%) 88% 58%

(Government of Pakistan, 2013)

 MDGs Goal 2
Achieving Universal Primary Education
Provincial Progress
National Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan

Net Total: 57 Total: 64 Total: 48 Total: 54 Total: 39

Primary Male: 60 Male: 66 Male: 53 Male: 62 Male: 46
Enrollmen Female: 53 Female: 63 Female: 43 Female: 46 Female: 30
t Rate (5-
9)

PSLM (2013-14)

34
Literacy Rate
Cause of Failure in achieving MDGs
1 Natural Disasters
2 Terrorism
3 Pressure groups (religious/political)
4 Implementation gap by education leaders
5 Lack of facilities
6 Lack of funds
6
Education Expenditures (% of GDP)

Year % of GDP

2014-15 2.2

2015-16 2.3

2016-17 2.2

2017-18 2.4

2018-19(P) 2.3
P: Provisional Source: PRSP Budgetary Expenditures, External
Finance & Policy Wing, Finance Division, Islamabad
Continues…..
7 Poverty
8 Insecurity/lack of schools for girls
9 Lack of accountability
10 Lack of coordination among provinces
11 Lawlessness
12 Unemployment among educated person
Considerations
 Federal as well as provincial governments should
allocate at least 4 % of their Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) to education.
 Government should open new schools to ensure
access of schools within two (2) Kilo Meter of
students’ residence, especially for girls.
Otherwise there must be free transport facilities
to the nearby school.
 Up to secondary level, Education should be free
and compulsory as per constitution of Pakistan.
Considerations
 In backward areas, there should be some incentives
for girls as it is practiced in Southern Punjab and some
remote districts of KPK.
 Hard areas allowance may be introduced for the
teachers serving in far furlong and hard areas of
Pakistan.
 Adult literacy program may be introduced for
uneducated adult at their work places as well as at
home. Employer must be bound to free such adult at
least for one hour. For this purpose, university
graduate may be employed initially for one year or till
their regular appointment.
Promote Gender Equality and
Women Empowerment
Introduction
 Pakistan is committed to meeting MDGs, demonstrating
dedication to gender-related issues.
 Women make up 51% of the population and 22.7% of the labor
force in Pakistan.
 National Policy 2002 is to aims to remove socio-economic
imbalances, ensuring women's equal access to development
benefits and services.
 The plan specifically addresses women's issues like violence,
neglect, and injustice.
Gender Equality & Women Empowerment
 Education, employment, and access to information reflect the
overall status of women in the social context.
 Women's empowerment is turning point on participation in
household decision-making, mobility, property ownership, and
financial freedom.
 Unpaid Family Workers:The percentage of unpaid female
family workers increased from 53% in 2003-04 to 59.8% in 2011-
12
 Occupational Discrimination and Income Disparity
 Urban Informal Sector Exploitation
Pervez Musharraf's Regime (1999-2008)

 September 2004: Ministry of Women Development

established.
 July 2006: Ordinance signed for the bail of around
1300 women.
 Late 2006: Women's Protection Bill passed, cancelling
some Hudood Ordinances.
 Quota Increase: Cabinet approves a 10% quota for
women in Central Superior Services
President Asif Zardari Government (2008-
2013)
 Legal Reforms: Adoption of laws including Protection against Harassment,
Criminal Law (Amendment), Acid Control, and Prevention of Anti Women
Practices.
 Institutional Measures: Presentation of the National Commission for Human
Rights Act 2012 and Women in Distress and Imprisonment Fund Act 2011.
 Support Centers: Establishment of 26 Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Centers for
women.
 Financial Aid: One million women receiving assistance under Benazir
Income Support Program.
 Representation: Consideration for increased women representation in the
judiciary
Nawaz Sharif Government

 Entrepreneurship Focus: Introduction of Prime

Minister’s Youth Loan, with 50% allocation for
women.
 Commitment to Equality: Pursuit of equal
opportunities for women, aligned with the
Convention on Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).
Other Programmes:
 AMAN Foundation
 Aurat Foundation
 Shirkat Gah
 UN Women Pakistan
 AGA Khan Foundation
 Punjab Commission on the Status of Women (PCSW)
 Benazir Income Support Program
Progress
 Legislative Measures:
 Progress: Laws introduced for women's rights, addressing domestic violence
and workplace discrimination.
 Challenges: Enforcement gaps delay full legal protection realization.
 Representation of women in the 12th legislature of Pakistan.

House/ Chamber Election Year Total Seat Seats Held By Women

Number Percentage

National Assembly 2002 342 74 21.64%

Senate 2003 100 18 18.0%

Total 442 92 20.81%

 Source: Pakistan Education Statistics

Education:
 Progress: Initiatives improved girls' access, boosting enrolment.
 Challenges: Determined disparities, especially in rural areas, and high dropout
rates.
 Percentage of Female Enrolment
Region Pre-primary Primary Middle Upper Secondary

Pakistan 44.6% 42.2% 43.6% 42.1%

Punjab 46.7% 46.9% 47% 48.3%

Sindh 42.6% 41.3% 42.5% 40.5%

KPK 44.6% 41.1% 34.7% 25.9%

Balochistan 32.5% 34.2% 34.0% 31.5%

AJK 47.7% 48.0% 47.7% 41.2%

GB 41.4% 46.8% 34.7% 40.1%

FATA 35.5% 33.3% 34.0% 16.1%

ICT 47.1% 47.5% 47.2% 47.6%

 Source: Pakistan Education Statistics 2015-16-ABPAM

Workforce Participation:

 Progress: Women's formal workforce participation increased, notably in

education and healthcare.
 Challenges: Ongoing occupational segregation and a gender wage gap pose
hurdles to economic empowerment.
 Women Entrepreneurship: Male and female total early stage entrepreneurial
activity in Pakistani regions, 2012
Province Male Female

Punjab 14.60% 3.20%

Sindh 20.50% 0.90%

Balochistan 30.50%

KPK 37.50%

Source: Global Entrepreneurship Pakistan Report 2012

 Challenges & Issues

Cultural and Social Norms

Economic Disparities
Violence Against Women
Institutional Barriers
Media Representation
Continue……..

 Resource Constraints
 Security Concerns and Lack of Awareness
 Education Disparities
 Political Instability
Conclusion:
 Effective legislative measures, change cultural
norms and elimination of economic disparities
for sustainable growth
 Adaptation of strategies are essential for
improving the effectiveness of gender equality
and women's empowerment programs in the
country.
saving lives, ensuring futures
by reducing child mortality
 AGENDA

 INTRODUCTION
 MDG’S 04
 DETERMINANTS
 THE STATE OF PAKISTAN
 POLICIES AND PROGRAMS
 CRITICAL ANAYSIS OF IMPLICATION
 REASONS OF FAILURE
 CONCLUSION
 RECOMMNEDATIONS
INTRODUCTION
 The MDG targets come from the Millennium Declaration signed by
189 countries, including 147 heads of state and government in
September 2000.
 The MDGs have officially ended in 2015, but MDGs acceleration
framework will continue till 2018.
 “Pakistan adopted 16 targets and 41 indicators against which progress
towards achieving eight goals of MDGs is measured,” the planning
ministry documents suggest.
 MDG’S 04: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

• THE CHILD MORTALITY RATE (ALSO UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY RATE)

REFERS TO THE PROBABILITY OF DYING BETWEEN BIRTH AND
EXACTLY FIVE YEARS OF AGE EXPRESSED PER 1,000.
 TARGET
• REDUCE THE MORTALITY RATE OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD
BY TWO-THIRDS BETWEEN 1990 AND 2015 ( INFANT MORTALITY
RATE FROM 72 TO <55 PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS).
 INDICATORS
• THE INFANT MORTALITY RATE AND THE PROPORTION OF CHILDREN
UNDER 1 YEAR OF AGE IMMUNIZED AGAINST MEASLES.
 DETERMINANTS

LACK OF VACCINATION UNSAFE DELIVERIES

LACK OF PARENTAL
EDUCATION

LACK OF WOMEN THE GREY AREA

EMPOWERMENT
THE STATE OF CHILD MORTALITY IN PAKISTAN

 PAKISTAN IS ONE OF THE COUNTRIES THAT HAS THE HIGHEST MORTALITY RATE FOR CHILDREN UNDER-
FIVE.
 SUPPRESSING THE GLOBAL MORTALITY RATE OF 37 DEATHS PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS, PAKISTAN HAS THE
MORTALITY RATE OF 65.2/1000 AS IN 2020.
 THERE ARE ONLY 731 MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH UNITS, NEARLY 1201 HOSPITALS, APPROXIMATELY
683 BASIC HEALTH UNITS AND A TOTAL BED CAPACITY OF ONLY SLIGHTLY ABOVE 123 000, AS OF 2017.
 IN 2014, SINDH WITNESSED A SLIGHT RISE IN ITS INFANT MORTALITY RATE, REACHING 82, WHEREAS
PUNJAB'S RATE DECREASED TO 76.
 THE CURRENT INFANT MORTALITY RATE IN 2023 IS 55.777 DEATHS PER 1000 LIVEBIRTHS , A 1.95%
DECLINE FROM 2022.
INFANT MORTATLITY RATE IN PAKISTAN
 POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

 . BY THE MDG TARGET YEAR OF 2015, PAKISTAN MADE PROGRESS, THOUGH CHALLENGES
PERSISTED. HERE ARE SOME KEY POLICIES AND PROGRAMS:
• EXPANDED IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS
• IMPROVEMENT IN HEALTHCARE INFRASTRUCTURE
• MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH SERVICES
• PUBLIC AWARENESS AND EDUCATION
• ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION
• PARTNERSHIPS AND COLLABORATIONS
• FOCUS ON SPECIFIC HEALTH CHALLENGES
 CRITICAL ANALYSIS

 REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY IN PAKISTAN IS A CRITICAL GOAL WITH FAR-REACHING

IMPLICATIONS FOR THE COUNTRY'S SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND PUBLIC HEALTH LANDSCAPE.
 A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS OBJECTIVE CAN BE EXPLORED THROUGH
VARIOUS DIMENSIONS:
• HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
• ECONOMIC IMPACT
• EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
• SOCIAL AND CULTURAL DYNAMICS
• PUBLIC HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE
 REASONS OF FAILURE

 PAKISTAN FACED CHALLENGES IN ACHIEVING THIS GOAL BY THE SPECIFIED

DEADLINE. SEVERAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTED TO THE FAILURE TO MEET THE MDG 4
TARGET IN PAKISTAN:
• HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE
• LIMITED ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
• MALNUTRITION
• WATER AND SANITATION ISSUES
• POLITICAL INSTABILITY
 RECOMMNEDATIONS

 STRENGTHEN PRIMARY HEALTHCARE:

 ENHANCE MATERNAL CARE:
 IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS:
 NUTRITION PROGRAMS WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE (WASH):
 POVERTY ALLEVIATION:
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
 CONCLUSION

IN CONCLUSION, REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY IN PAKISTAN IS A MULTIFACETED

ENDEAVOR WITH PROFOUND IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH, DEMOGRAPHICS,
ECONOMICS, EDUCATION, AND SOCIETAL WELL-BEING. THE SUCCESSFUL
ACHIEVEMENT OF THIS GOAL REQUIRES A COMPREHENSIVE AND SUSTAINED
EFFORT ACROSS VARIOUS SECTORS, WITH POTENTIAL LONG-TERM BENEFITS FOR
THE NATION'S DEVELOPMENT.
 MDGS in Pakistan

The United Nations Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs) are 8 goals that UN Member States have agreed to
try to achieve by the year 2015.
The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in
September 2000, commits world leaders to combat poverty,
hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and
discrimination against women. The MDGs are derived from
this Declaration. Each MDG has targets set for 2015 and
indicators to monitor progress from 1990 levels.
 Goal 5: Improve maternal health

Target:
A. Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the
maternal mortality ratio
B. Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health
Indicators:
1.Maternal mortality rate
2.The proportion of births attended by skilled healthy personnel
3.Contraceptive prevalence rate
4. Adolescent birth rate
5. Unmet need for family planning
 Target #1: Maternal survival

Maternal death has dropped significantly since the

adoption of the MDGs. The universal maternal
mortality ratio has reduced by 45 percent between
1990 and 2013, from 380 to 210 maternal deaths per
100,000 live births.
Despite the progress, every day lots of women die
during pregnancy or from complications arising from
childbirth. The maternal mortality rate in developing
regions is around 14 percent higher than in developed
nations. Universally, there were an estimated 289,000
maternal deaths in 2013, which is equivalent to
around 800 women dying daily.
Other complications leading to death include high
blood pressure during pregnancy, infections, unsafe
abortion, and complications from delivery.
Target #2: Universal Access to reproductive health
The WHO recommends four or more
antenatal care visits during pregnancy to
ensure the wellbeing of mothers and new-
borns. During these visits, women should be
given nutritional advice, alerted to warning
signs indicating possible problems during
their term, and given support when planning a
safe delivery.
Progress has been slow since 1990, with an
average of 52 percent of pregnant women in
developing regions receiving the
recommended number of antenatal care visits
in 2014.
 Early childbearing
Adolescent childbearing is not only harmful to the
health of both the girls and the child they bear but
also reflects the broader forms of social and
economic marginalization of girls. Certain
measures have been taken to delay childbearing
and prevent unintended pregnancies among this
vulnerable age group, including increasing their
opportunities for education and eventual paid
employment. As a result, the birth rate among
adolescent girls aged 15 – 19 has reduced from 59
births per 1,000 girls to 51 births between 1990
and 2015.
Statistics In Case Of Pakistan:
According to the most recent National Health Accounts 2015–2016, public
spending on health was less than 1% of GDP. Pakistan, being one of the
low-income countries, also reported a high MMR of 186 deaths per
100,000 livebirths in 2019. Most affected were specifically the rural areas,
with an MMR of 199 per 100,000 livebirths, as compared to the urban
areas with an MMR of 158 per 100,000 livebirths. In Pakistan,
approximately 96% of women with education received prenatal care from
a doctor, compared to 50% of women without education. Nearly 80% of
public spending on health was allocated to secondary and tertiary care
hospitals situated in large metropolitan areas, while the remaining 20%
was left for primary healthcare facilities and programmes.
Sources:

 Estimates of Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan

MMR In Rural And Urban Areas:

The MMR is nearly 26% higher in rural areas as compared to

urban areas due to a major difference in health care services
provided to people living in urban areas as compared to those
living in distant regions. As Pakistan currently spends less than
1% of its GDP on health care. The rate of maternal mortality is
consequently higher in rural areas than urban areas, 23% rather
than 14. Death rate of Pakistan fell gradually from 13.2 per
1,000 people in 1973 to 7 per 1,000 people in 2022. Rural
women lack access to essential healthcare facilities. Many of
them die while traveling to far-off hospitals located in cities.
Home births are extremely common in rural areas. A total of
74% of women in rural areas give birth at home, compared to
43% of women in urban areas
Projects For The Improvement Of Maternal Health:
The Government of Pakistan (GoP) and its development partners have prioritized maternal
and child health (MCH) on their health agenda. As a result, the MCH subsector received a
substantial increase in funding. In recent decades, two major foreign-funded projects
devoted roughly PKR 24 billion (US$225 million) toward improving MCH:
(1) The Women’s Health Project (2000–2006)
(2) The Norway-Pakistan Partnership Initiative (NPPI, 2009–2014)
During 2000–2014, these projects collectively intervened in the MCH delivery system of
44 districts (out of 113 in total) that cover around 40% of the population of the country,
mainly in rural areas. Rural and urban disparities in wealth and health were among the
worst in Sindh, the second largest but very poor province of Pakistan. According to the
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2003–2004, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in rural
areas of Sindh was 410 (240 in urban areas) per 100,000 live births. The infant mortality
rate (IMR) in rural areas was 80 (50 in urban areas) per 1000 live births. The high MMR
(276 deaths per 100 000 live births) and IMR (78 per 1000 live births) in Pakistan in
general and in rural areas in Sindh in particular, are mainly due to the delay in, or absence
of, access to skilled care for pregnant women. In rural areas of the province, 23% of
pregnant women (68% in urban areas) were assisted by a skilled birth attendant, and 29%
of pregnant women (72% in urban areas) had sought skilled antenatal care (ANC)
 Provincial and Special Area Status and Trends:
Sindh is the best performer in this indicator amongst all the provinces, with a reported
value of 38 in 2004/05, which steadily increased to 43 in 2006/07, 42 in 2008-09, 50 in
2010/11, and 60.5 in 2012/13. Punjab has lagged behind Sindh, with SBA(Skilled Birth
Attendant) at 29 in 2004/05, improving to 36 in 2006/07, 43 in 2008/09 and 48 in 2010/11.
For the latest year of 2012/13, it hovers around the national average of 52.1 with a value of
52.5. SBA proportions for Baluchistan present a troubling trend, wherein between
2004/05 and 2012/13, this indicator marginally improved from a very low number of 14 to
17.8 having reached peak of 45 in 2010/11. In the case of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a
steady, although slow improvement is seen in SBA proportions, from 23 in 2004/05, to 32
in 2008/09, 29 in 2010/11, and a marked improvement to 48.3 in 2012-13. Based on short
time series, the progress on SBA is uneven in the regions of AJ&K and GB. In AJ&K, the
indicator value declined from 43 in 2006/07 to 22 in 2007/08, then picked up swiftly to
reach 47 in 2010/11. In contrast, after slow progress since 2005/06, the SBA proportion
increased in just one year in GB from 21 (2010/11) to 45 (2011/12).
 Challenges :
• lack of skilled staffing
• Poverty constraint
• old customs and outdated cultural practices
• lack of asses to hospital.
• Low life expectancy
• Delay the decision to seek medical care
• lack of telephones and ambulance services
• Parental care is costly
• Maternal mortality rate during COVID-19
• Home Birth
Recommendation

• Educate to create more qualified healthcare workers

• Financial assistance to those who are unable to afford
• Increasing the budget and funding for healthcare
• Skilled care during childbirth
• Antenatal care in pregnancy
• Care and support in the weeks following childbirth.
• The government needs to work alongside international organizations to
acquire funding to build new facilities, particularly in rural areas, train
skilled staff, educate on the benefits of antenatal and delivery care, and
provide additional funding to subsidize the care itself for those in need.
 Conclusion:

 Pakistan has made performed well in reducing the maternal mortality

rate throughout the years through various means, however, it is still
one of the few countries which have a comparatively high rate.
Therefore, in order to continue reducing the rate, it is essential that the
national and provincial government works with international
organizations to thoroughly fund new facilities, educate to create more
qualified healthcare workers and educate the masses in the benefits of
specialized care and finally provide financial assistance to those who
would otherwise be unable to afford said services.
 A ID S ,M A L A RI A A N D O T H ER
COMBAT H I V/
DISEASES
TABLE OF CONTENT:

• INTRODUCTION

• STRATEGIES TO COMBAT HIV/AIDS

• MALARIA CONTROL EFFORT

• ADDRESSING OTHER DISEASES

• GLOBAL PROGRESS AND ACHIEVEMENT

• CHALLENGES FACED

• SUCCESS STORIES AND CASE STUDY

• TRANSITIONAL TO SDGS

• CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION:

MDG 6 refers to the sixth millennium development goal, which was established
as part of the united nations millennium development goals and summit in 2000.
these goals aimed to address a range of global challenges and improve the living
conditions of people in developing countries by the target year of 2015.
Target 1:
• Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
• Indicators:
1. HIV prevalence among population aged 15-24 years
2. condom use at last high-risk sex
3. proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive
correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS
4 .ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of non-
orphans aged 10-14 years
Target 2:
• Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDs for all
those who need it

• Indicators:
5 .proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access
to antiretroviral drugs
TARGET 3 :
• Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other
major diseases.
• Indicators:
6 .incidence and death rates associated with malaria
7 .proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets
8. proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-
malarial drugs
9. incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis
10. proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed
treatment short course
STATISTICAL DATA OF AIDS IN PAKISTAN:

• The HIV response comprises of prevention and treatment. there are 49 HIV
treatment centers across Pakistan, 4 in KPK, 2 in Baluchistan, 2 in Islamabad,
16 in Sindh, and 25 in Punjab in 2014.

• Total cases in Pakistan are 210,000 of aids

• Men 170,000 and women 41,000 from age of 15 plus.
• 42% cases decline in Pakistan.
MALARIA STATISTICS:

TOTAL CASES 3.4 MILLIONS

IN KARACHI 99.79%
LARKANA 1.68%
CASES ARE INCREASES DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGES BY 55%
OBJECTIVE:
• Halt and reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS:
• Achieve universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS:
• Halt and reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases:
• Ensure access to affordable essential drugs:
• Global partnerships:
• Address social and economic impacts:
• Promote research and development:
STRATEGIES TO COMBAT AIDS:
• Prevention education:
• Testing and counseling:
• Access to treatment (antiretroviral therapy )
• Prevention of mother-to-child transmission .
• Condom distribution:
• Needle and syringe programs:
• International cooperation and funding:
MALARIA CONTROL EFFORT:
• Vector control:
• Antimalarial drugs:
• Environmental management:
• Research and innovation:
• Climate change adaptation:
ADDRESSING OTHER DISEASES:
• Prevention strategies:
• Vaccination program

• Sanitation improvement

• Hygiene practice

• Safe water supply

• Health systems strengthening:

• Improving infrastructure

• Human resources

• Government structure
REPORTED CASES OF HIV AND MALARIA
• By end- December 2006, the total number of HIV cases tested positive was 3381.

• The total number of deaths caused by HIV/AIDS is 165 up till December 2006.

• Pakistan has been actively engaged in malaria control activities since 1950.

• Pakistan became the member of a global partnership on roll back malaria in 1999 and the
project of was launched in Pakistan in 2001.

• According to estimates in 2003 a total of 3.9 million fever cases were treated as
suspected malaria in public sector hospitals. while the total number of confirmed malaria
cases reported from all the provinces were 126,719.
 PROGRESS AND ACHIEVEMENTS:
• Progress and achievement of HIV/AIDS was 53% target was 95%.
• 29,626 HIV patients were taking antiretroviral (ARV) medicines and 7,056 people were on
ARV therapy.

• Progress and achievement of malaria is only 35% and target was 90%.
• Progress and achievement of other diseases
• Under TB control programme, TB treatment coverage of 339,256 patients was
observed with success rate of 94%.
CHALLENGES:

• Resource constraints:
• Access to treatment:
• Drug resistance:
• High disease burden:
• Global inequalities:
 SUCCESS STORIES AND CASE STUDY:
• SUCCESS STORY: Reduction in malaria-related deaths in RWANDA:
• CASE STUDY: BRAZIL'S response to HIV/AIDS epidemic:
TRANSITIONAL TO SDGS:
• The SDGS encompass a comprehensive set of 17 goals that address
interconnected social, economic, and environmental challenges,
including health

• The SDGS promote a more inclusive and sustainable approach to

global development, calling for collaborative efforts across sectors,
countries, and stakeholders to achieve transformative change and
create a more equitable and resilient world.
CONCLUSION:

MDG 6, which aimed to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases,

propelled substantial progress on a global scale. while challenges such
as resource constraints and healthcare system weaknesses persisted,
the concerted efforts of governments, international organizations, and
communities resulted in notable achievements
Ensuring Environmental
Sustainability on Pakistan's
Perspective
Ensuring Environmental
Sustainability on Pakistan's
Perspective

The environment is the essence of life. The 7th goal of the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) focuses on preserving it for future generations. In
Pakistan, this goal has been challenging yet vital.
Critical Analysis of the 7th Goal
According to Pakistan
Push factors:
Land Degradation Water Scarcity
Pakistan has the world's highest rate of land The depletion of water resources due to
degradation, which affects agricultural climate change, deforestation, and over-
productivity and food security. extraction is a major concern in Pakistan.

Air Pollution Biodiversity Loss

Unsustainable industries and energy sources, Pakistan is one of the top ten countries in the
as well as household burning practices, lead world experiencing the highest rate of
to dangerous levels of air pollution in urban biodiversity loss due to human activities.
areas.
Implementation of the 7th Goal in
Pakistan's Perspective
1 Eco-Friendly Initiatives
Pakistan has taken initiatives such as establishing the Billion Tree Tsunami project,
promoting sustainable agriculture, and introducing renewable energy sources.

2 Policies and Regulations

The government has formulated policies to tackle issues, such as the National Biodiversity
Strategic Action Plan and the National Climate Change Policy.

3 Public Awareness
Efforts are underway to sensitize the public about environmental conservation issues and
promote behavioral change through media campaigns and education initiatives.
Progress made towards the 7th Goal on
Pakistan's perspective

Tree Plantation Renewable Energy Watershed

Under the Billion Tree Tsunami Pakistan has made progress in Management
project, Pakistan has planted promoting wind and solar Effective watershed

over one billion trees in the energy, with more than management has helped

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, 1000MW of energy now increase agricultural

making it the only region to produced from these sources. production, leading to a

have increased its forest area. reduction in poverty and

hunger.
 Progress Rate regarding MDG’s 7th
Statistics
Proportion of Terrestrial and
Marine Areas Protected rate(%)
Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a signi-
ficant reduction in the rate of loss Rate(%)

1990 2010 2012 1990 2010

 Progress Rate regarding MDG’s 7th
Statistics
Proportion of land area covered by forest(%)

Carbon Dioxide Emissions RATE(Per capita

metric tons)

1 Proportion of Land Area 1 Proportion of Land Area

Covered by Forest (%) YEARS Covered by Forest (%) RATE(%)
1990 2010
Challenges Faced in Achieving the 7th
Goal on Pakistan's Perspective

1 Lack of Funding 2 Policy Implementation

Environmental sustainability initiatives While policies have been formulated,
need significant funding, which was not their implementation has been slow due
always available. to political will and administrative
capacity issues.

3 Population Growth
The pressure for economic development often takes precedence over conservation efforts.
Moreover, Pakistan's rising population exacerbates environmental problems.
Challenges in Implementing MDG Goal
7
Pakistan faces several challenges in implementing MDG Goal 7, which focuses on ensuring environmental
sustainability. One of the major challenges is the lack of effective waste management systems, leading to
environmental degradation. Additionally, the rapid urbanization and industrial growth have put pressure on
natural resources, further exacerbating environmental concerns.
Moreover, the limited awareness of environmental issues and the need for sustainable development among
the population hinders the effective implementation of policies and initiatives aimed at achieving MDG
Goal 7.

1 Lack of Waste Management

The absence of efficient waste management systems contributes to environmental
degradation and pollution.

2 Urbanization and Industrial Growth

Rapid urbanization and industrial expansion exert pressure on natural resources, posing
significant challenges to environmental sustainability.

3 Limited Public Awareness

The lack of awareness among the population regarding environmental issues impedes the
successful implementation of sustainable development initiatives.
Lessons Learned from the
Implementation
Political will is key
Environmental sustainability
requires political commitment
and will. Without it, policies
and initiatives will fail to
achieve the desired results.
Public
participation is
essential
The public must be aware of
the importance of preserving
the environment and actively
contribute to achieving the 7th
goal.
Multi-stakeholder
collaboration is
critical
Environmental sustainability
initiatives involve multiple
stakeholders, such as the
government, private sector,
and civil society.
Collaboration and
coordination among them are
critical.
Conclusion and Key Takeaways
Progress has been made, but Challenges must be overcome
more work is required Challenges such as lack of funding and
The implementation of the 7th goal is an
population growth must be addressed to
ongoing process, and there is still a long
achieve the 7th goal effectively.
way to go in achieving environmental
sustainability in Pakistan.

Collaboration and public participation are key

The public must be aware of the importance of preserving the environment, and multi-
stakeholder collaboration is critical for achieving the desired results.
Goal 8th: Develop a Global Partnership for
Development
 Targets and Indicators
• 6 Targets
• 16 Indicators
 Official Development Assistance (ODA)
 Market Access
 Exports from Pakistan
 Debt Sustainability
 Access to Affordable Medicine
 Access to New Technology
 ODA
 (ODA) to Pakistan has increased
significantly since 2000, growing by
about 160%.
 Net ODA reached an all-time high in
2013 and 2014, with figures of
$121.8 billion and $123.9 billion
respectively.
 This represents a 66% increase in
ODA since 2000.
 Market Access
 According to the National Tariff
Commission, the average tariff
rate in Pakistan decreased from
24.8% in 2000–2001 to 14.8% in
2014–2015.
 The Ministry of Commerce says
that Pakistan's applied weighted
mean tariff decreased from 23.1%
in 2000 to 8.9% in 2014
Exports from Pakistan
 Textile exports showed year on year
growth, especially in 2001-03, and
overall almost tripled in five years
from $4,503 million to $11,014 million.
 Non-textile exports saw a marked
improvement following 2007,
increasing from $5,952 million in 2006
to $8,272 million in 2007.
 Overall growth for total exports from
2007-2012 at 5.9 percent was lower
than that of 2001-06.
External Debt Sustainability
 Decreased from 52.1 percent in 2001
to 28.5 percent in 2012.
 In 2012, external debt and liabilities
were 4.3 times foreign exchange
reserves.
Access to Affordable Medicine
 In 2012, the Supreme Court directed
the government to establish a Drug
Regulatory Authority to ensure
implementation of the laws.
 only 3.3 percent of government health
facilities had stock availability of
essential medicines.
 Private practices are also unable to
meet medicinal needs adequately, as
they serve about one third of the
required set of medicines.
Access to New Technology
 US$ 12 billion were invested in
telecom infrastructure and new
technologies.
 90 percent of the population has
access to telecom services.
 At the end of 2012 total tele-density of
Pakistan increased to 71.7 percent,
representing growth of 5 percent over
the previous year.
 Continue...

 The proportion of people out of every 100 with internet access,

has improved. During 2012, it contributed Rs.132.5 billion or 30
percent of total revenue, compared to Rs. 117 billion.
 With the expected launch of 3G/4G services in the country, it is
expected that the cellular mobile sector will attract significant
investment in the next two years.
 Reasons of Failure

Low growth, high inflation, and an energy crisis(2000)

Foreign loans
Political instability
Earthquake(2005)
Domestic and external imbalances(2008)
Structural issues
 Sources

 Pakistan Millennium Development Goals Report 2013

 Pakistan Economic Survey, 2012-2013
 PTA Annual Report 2011-12
 World Health Organization
 World Development Indicators
 State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) Annual Reports