TYPES OF PHRASES

NOUN PHRASE
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
ADVERB PHRASE

primary verbs

VERB PHRASES
lexical and
auxiliary verbs

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES preposition + NP

 TYPES OF PHRASES

The children are playing in the garden

Teachers work hard.

It may rain in spring.

 TYPES OF PHRASES

My friends came yesterday.

All the guests were in the lobby.

 THE NOUN PHRASE

The teacher is an education architect and a facilitator, a coordinator of activities in the long and wide
student-centered learning process. In today’s rapidly changing world, class-based and computer-
mediated learning seem to be the right form to create the right blend for student centered learning.

Teachers and students alike dispose of a wide range of learning technologies that assist various types
and levels of learning styles and preferences. These new learning processes need to be analysed and
studied to better understand their present impact and future consequences on the students’ brain
mechanisms and minds.

(Adapted from: https://eflmagazine.com/foreign-language-teaching-flt-at-the-dawn-of-the-21st-century%e2%80%a8/)

.
ELEMENTS OF THE NOUN PHRASE

(Premodifiers) NOUN (Postmodifiers)

 ELEMENTS OF THE NOUN PHRASE

(Premodifiers) NOUN (Postmodifiers)

• adjectives /-ed adjectives /-ing adjectives

• determiners /semideterminers /quantifiers
• nouns / compound nouns/genitives)
 ELEMENTS OF THE NOUN PHRASE
semideterminers
another day, other extreme, same
quantifiers
level, such opinions, last exam, numerals
all passengers, a few friends,
(Premodifiers) too many exams, both
first year, two friends
,
sisters, every child, enough Wh-determiners
people, no way whose husband, which colour,
determiners
the class, my friend, this car,
,

genitives
• determiners /quantifiers nouns
Carla’s father
compound nouns
/semideterminers education system Ice-cream shop
/wh-determiners/numerals
• adjectives /-ed adjectives / adjectives
• -ing adjectives -ing adjectives big house
interesting book -ed adjectives
• nouns / compound nouns/genitives) broken heart
 DETERMINERS

definite the best students

articles
indefinite a new approach

possessive Our classroom

determiners

demonstratives that door

 QUANTIFIERS

inclusive both, each, every

many, much, so many, so much, too many, too much,

large quantity a great many, a good many, a lot of, lots of, plenty of,
a great deal of, a good deal of

small quantity some, a small number, a small amount, a few,

several, few, a little, a bit of, little, least, less

negative amount any, either, no, neither

SEMIDETERMINERS

adjective characteristics / pronoun function

same, other, another, last, such

Wh-DETERMINERS
Introduce interrogative clauses

Which colour…?
Whose book….?
 NUMERALS

ordinals (first, second, twentieth, ninetieth)

cardinals (one, two, fifteen, one hundred)

 Peripheral
ADJECTIVES
They share somebut not all the defining
characteristics of central adjectives.
Some cannot be inflected
Some are not gradable
Some do not occur in attributive position
Central Some combine with certain adverbs
and some others don’t
- they can be inflected
- they have an attributive syntactic role
- they have a predicative syntactic role
- they are descriptive
- they are gradable
 Morphologically: they
ADJECTIVES can be inflected

CENTRAL ADJECTIVES
Semantically: they are
descriptive

Syntactically: they have an

attributive role (modifier of the noun)
empty boxes / incredible tasks
and

a predicative role (subject predicative and object

predicative) It was a fantastic evening.
We find the house fantastic.
 ADJECTIVES
-ING adjectives
(interesting, annoying, moving, relaxing, e.t.c.)

-ED adjectives
(interested, tired, relaxed, broken, wooden,
written, e.t.c.)
Full adjectives:
(happy, sad, wrong, right, big, small, strange,
clear, etc. )
Derivational adjectives:
-ic(fantastic), -ful (carefu), -al (practical),
-ive (expensive), -ant (blatant), e.t.c.
NOUNS

e.g., education system

Compound nouns:
health-care unit, newspaper article

Genitive noun:
Maria’s daughter, government policies
 Practice
(See KEY on the next slide)
1. children’s toys
2. a first step
3. the specific section
4. a speaking task
5. an effective strategy
6. no risks
7. a small number of students
8. plenty of teaching practice
9. inspiring teachers
10. well-written argumentative essays
 Practice

1. children’s toys – children’s: premod., genitive noun / toys: head, noun

2. a first step – a: premod, central determiner / first: premod, postdeterminer / step: head, noun
3. the specific section – the: premod., central determ /specific: premod., adj./ section: head, noun
4. a speaking task – a: premod., central determ. / speaking: premod., -ing adj. / task: head, noun
5. an effective strategy – an: premod., central determ. / effective: premod., adj. / strategy: head, n.
6. no risks – no: premod., central determiner / risks: head, noun
7. a small number of students – a: premod., central determiner / small: premod., adj. /
number of: premod., quantifier / students: head, noun
8. plenty of teaching practice – plenty of: premod., / teaching: premod., -ing adj./practice: head,n
9. inspiring teachers – inspiring: premod., -ing adj. / teachers: head, noun
10. well-written argumentative essays – well-written: premod., -ed adj./argumentative: premod., adj
essays: head, noun.
 Practice

1. children’s toys
2. a first step
3. the specific section
4. a speaking task
5. an effective strategy
6. no risks
7. a small number of students
8. plenty of teaching practice
9. inspiring teachers
10. well-written argumentative essays