MINERAL AND POWER

RESOURCES
Unit # 5
Unit #8
 RESOURCE

• A resource is any physical material constituting

part of Earth that people need and value. Natural
materials become resources when humans
value them.
 MINERAL RESOURCES

• A mineral is a pure inorganic substance that occurs naturally

in the earth's crust. ... Mineral resources are non-renewable
and include metals (e.g. iron, copper, and aluminum), and
non-metals (e.g. salt, gypsum, clay, sand,
phosphates). Minerals are valuable natural resources being
finite and non-renewable.
 POWER RESOURCES

•Resources used to obtain energy are

called Power resources like fossil
fuel ,water ,wind, and sunlight
 POWER RESOURCES

Renewable
Non Renewable
(wind, water,
(coal,oil,gas,Nu
sunlight,
Geothermal) clear)
NON-RENEWABLE
RESOURCES
Coal
COAL
 IMPORTANT POINTS

• Formation
• Presence under ground,
• Reserves in Pakistan
• Extraction
• Transportation
• Uses/exploitation of coal
• Problems of mining
un Pre
de sen
r g ce
ro
un
d
Peat Lignite

Bit
Anthracite
 PROPERTIES OF GOOD QUALITY COAL

• Hardest, burn with great heat,

• It has low moisture
• It produces less ash
• It has more carbon content
• (peat less than 60%)
• Lignite 60 to 70%
• Bituminous 71 to 87%
• Anthracite over80%
COAL RESERVES IN PAKISTAN
 COAL
RESERVES IN
THAR
 DEPOSIT OF COAL IN THAR

• 175 billion tons Lignite in Thar

• 100,000MW of power for 200years
• Cheaper electricity
• Will save foreign exchange
• Can reduce import of oil
• Can generate massive industrial activities
• Will reduce poverty
EXTRACTION
 MINING PROCESS

1. Open cast mining

2. Under ground mining
• Adit mining
• Shaft mining
EXTRACTION OF COAL
 MINING
EQUIPMENT
WEDGE
TRANSPORTATION OF COAL
EXPLOITATION OF COAL
 TASK
PROBLEMS OF MINING
• Reading of
• Pg # 84,85
• Pg#133-136
MINERAL OIL (PETROLEUM)
 MINERAL OIUL

• Formation
• Presence underground
• Reserves in Pakistan
• Oil drilling
• Transportation(pg138)
• Oil refining
• Exploitation
• PARCO Project
FORMATION
Presence underground
OIL RESERVES IN PAKISTAN
OIL DRILLING
DERRICK
 OIL REFINERIES

• Near oil field

• At port of import
• Market demand
 Attock oil refinery

Mid country oil refinery

Pakistan
National oil Refinery
PAKISTAN IMPORT OIL FROM MIDDLE EAST
COUNTRIES