GLOBAL MIGRATION

Migration Root Word

- Word comes from the Latin word migrate ‘moved, shifted’ which
means to move-relating to movements from one country to another.

WHAT IS MIGRATION?
- is the movement by people from one place to another, particularly
different countries with the intention of setting temporarily or
permanently.
Classification of Migration

EMIGRANT - the person who leaves a country or a region to leave in

another one.
IMMIGRANT - a person who comes to a country who live there.

TYPES OF MIGRATION
Internal migration - refers to people moving from one area to another
within one country.
International Migration - in which people cross borders of one
country to another.
FIVE GROUPS OF MIGRATION
1. Immigrants.
2. Workers or OFW’s.
3. Illegal Migrants.
4. Petitioned
5. Refugees

 Demographers estimate that 247 million people are currently living

outside the countries of their birth.
90% moved for economic reasons
10% refugees and asylum-seekers
 50% of global migrants have moved from the developing countries to
developed zones of the world and contibute anywhere from 40-80 percent of
their labor force.
The majority of migrants remain in cities.
 One settled, they contribute enormously to raising the productivity of their
host countries.
 The migrants influx has led to a debate in destination countries over the
issue of the whether migrants assets to national development.
 Anti-immigrant groups and nationalists argue that goverments must control
legal immigration and put a stop to illegal entry of foreigners.
 Many of these anti-immigrant groups are gaining influence through
political leaders who share their beliefs.
 Since the earliest times, humanity has been on the move. Some people move
in search of work or economic opportunities, to join family or to study.
 Others move to escape conflict, persecution, terrorism, or human rights
violation.
 Still others top move in response to the adverse effects of climate change,
natural disasters or the environmental factors.
 Today, more people than ever live in the country other than the one in which
they were born.
 In 2029, the number of migrants globally reached in estimated 272 million,
51million more than in 2010.
 International migrants comprise 3.5% of the global population.
Compared to 2.8% in 2000 and 2.3% in 1980, the proportion of international
migrants in the world population has also raisen.
 While many individuals migrate out of choice, many others migrate out
necessity.
 The number of globally forcibly displaced people topped 70 million for the
first time in UNHCR’S almost 70 year history at the end of 2018.
 This number includes almost 26 million asylum seekers over 41 million
internally displaced persons.

IMPACTS OF MIGRATION
 Migration is becoming a very important subject for the life cities. Many
opportunities and attraction of big cities pull large numbers of people to big
cities.
 Migration can have positive as well negative effects on the life of the
migrant.
POSITIVE IMPACT
 Unemployment is reduce and people get better job opportunities.
 Migration helps in improving the quality of life of people.
 It helps to improve social life of people as they learn about new culture,
customs, and languages which helps to improved brotherhood among
people.
 Migration of skilled workers leads to a greater economic growth of the
region.
 Children get better opportunities for higher education.
 The population density is reduced and the birth rate decreases.
NEGATIVE IMPACT
 Having large population puts too much pressure on natural resources,
amenities and service.
 Poverty makes them unable to live a normal and healthy life.
 Many migrants are completely illiterate and uneducated, therefore, they are
not only unfit for most job, also lack basic knowledge and life skills.

ECONOMIC CAUSES OF MIGRATION

• Migration in search for better economic conditions, employment.
• Migration to escape overpopulation and it’s effect.
• Migration to escape from climate conditions.
• Migration to escape from natural disasters.
CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION
Economic consequences:
1. Positive consequences
- the remittance (payments) sent by migrants to their homes help in the
growth of economy of the region. The money is mainly used by the family for
repayment of debts, medical treatment, marriages, children’s education,
purchasing agricultural inputs, construction of houses, etc.
2. Negative consequences
a. Unregulated migration
b. The under-development gets even worse due to out migration of skilled
people.
c. Brain drain
d. Overcrowding
POLITICAL CAUSES OF MIGRATION
 Migration as punishment for crimes commited.
 Migration as a result of enslavement.
 Forced migration, with or without political agreement.
 Migration to escape war, invasion, military takeover, etc.

SOCIAL CAUSES OF MIGRATION

 Migration to spread a religion.
 Migration to reunite with family, friends, etc.
 Migration to spread political philosophy.
 Migration to find personal freedom.
DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES
Positive consequences
a. Migration leads to the redistribution of the population within a country.
b. It results in balanced distribution of people according to resources.
c. Rural-urban migration is one of the important factors contributing to the
population growth of cities.
Negative cosequences
d. It result in imbalances in sex composition due to selects male or female
migration.
e. Rural areas face shortage of skilled people because most of skilled and
semiskilled people migrate to urban areas.
SOCIAL COSEQUENCES
Positive consequences
a. Migrants acts agents of social change.
b. Migration also leads to intermix of people from diverse cultures and
results in the evolution of compsite culture.
c. The mind set of people changes.

Negative consequences
d. It also causes anonymity, which creates social vacuum and sense of
dejection among individuals.
e. Migration affects the women more.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
a. Overcrowding of people due to rural urban migration has pressure on
the existing social and physical infrastructure in the urban areas.
b. Unplanned growth of urban settlements and formation of slums shanty
colonies.
c. Apart from this, due to over-exploitation of natural resources, cities are
facing the acute problem od depletion of ground water, air pollution, and
disposal of sewage and management of solid wastes.

WHY DO STATE REGULATE MIGRATION?

 Religion
 Overcrowding
 Resources preservation
THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING
Human Trafficking - is the trade of humans for the purpose of forced
labour, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or
others.

In 2012, the International Labour Organization (ILO) identified 21 million

men,women and children as victims of “forced labor” an appalling three out
every 1,000 persons worldwide.
Ninety percent of the victims (18.7million) are exploited by private
enterprises and entreprenuers 22% (4.5million) are sexually abused.
68% (14.2million) work under compulsion in agricultural, manufacturing,
infrastructure, and domestic activities
Human trafficking has been very profitable, earning syndicates, smugglers,
and corrupt state officials profits of high as S150 billion year in 2024,

Governments, the private sector, and civil society groups have worked
together to combat human trafficking, yet results remain uneven.

INTEGRATION - a final issue relates to how migrants interact with their

new home countries.

The variation in the economic integration of migrants.

1. Blue collar job - are typically classified as involving manual labor and
compensation by an hourly wage.
2. White collar job
- Person who performs proffesional, managerial, or administrative setting.
- Gives xenophobia to people from a country or a place where migrants
arrived.

XENOPHOBIA - fear and hatred of strange or foreigners or of anything that

is strange or foreign.
• Government and private businesses have made policy changes to address
integration problems, like using multiple languages in state documents ( in
the case of United States, Spanish and English).
• Training programs complemented with counselling have also help
migrant integration in Hamburg, Germany, while retail merchants in
Barcelona have brought in migrant shopkeepers to break down languages
barriers whilwe introducing Chinese culture to citizens.

CONCLUSION
 Global migration entails the globalization of people. And like the broader
globalization process, it is uneven. Some migrants experience their
movement as a liberating process. A highly educated professional may
find moving to another country financially rewarding. At the other end, a
victim of sex trafficking may review the process of migration as
discolating and disempowering.
 Hence, it is inevitable that countries will have to open up again to
prevent their economies from stagnating or even collapsing. The
various responses to these movements-xenephobia and extreme
nationalism in the receiving countries; dependency in the sending
countries will continue to be pressing issues.
THANK YOU VERY
MUCH!
GROUP 3
ALCANTARA, LORA BELLE
LLORENTE, LOUISE ANNDRIE
MARQUEZ, MENCHIE
NONADO, ANGELINE
PORTERIA, JIZEL
SELVESTRE, IRISH JANE