Analytic

GEOMETRY
1.4 Hyperbola
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, we should be able to:
 define a hyperbola,
 recognize the equation and the important
characteristics of a hyperbola,
 determine the standard form of the equation
of a hyperbola; and
 graph a hyperbola in a rectangular coordinate
system
 Hyperbola
It is formed when a plane intersects a
double-napped cone. When the plane
is parallel to the axis of the cone, then
a regular hyperbola is obtained.
Hyperbolas in
REAL LIFE
Balls
Basketball Court
Nuclear Tower
 Hyperbola
The set of all points P in a
plane such that the difference
of its distances from two
fixed points, called the foci, is
a constant.

The Parts of a Hyperbola

 Parts of a Hyperbola: CENTER

It is the midpoint of the

segment connecting the foci.
Coordinates can be or
Parts of a Hyperbola: VERTICES
It is the point of
intersection of the hyperbola
with a transverse axis.

center center
Horizontal
Vertical
 Parts of a Hyperbola: CO - VERTICES

It is the endpoints of the

conjugate axis.

center center
Horizontal
Vertical
Parts of a Hyperbola: FOCI
These are two fixed points on the
axis. The distance from the
center is longer than the vertices.

center center
Horizontal
Vertical
Parts of a Hyperbola: TRANSVERSE AXIS

It is the line going from

one vertex passing through the
center and ending at the other
vertex. The length of the
transverse axis is
Parts of a Hyperbola: CONJUGATE AXIS

These are line passing

through the center
perpendicular to the transverse
axis. The length of the
conjugate axis is
 Parts of a Hyperbola: LATUS RECTUM

It is a chord of the
hyperbola through either focus
perpendicular to the transverse axis
and terminated by the curve. The
length of the latus rectum is
Parts of a Hyperbola: ASYMPTOTES
These are line passing through
the center of the hyperbola and
intersects the vertices of the rectangle
and side length of and .

center center
Horizontal
Vertical
 Parts of a Hyperbola: ENDPOINTS OF
LATUS RECTUM

center center
Horizontal

Vertical
Hyperbola with a Vertical Transverse Axis with
Center at
2 2
( 𝑦 − 𝑘) ( 𝑥 − h )
2
− 2
=1 ,
𝑎 𝑏
where and
Hyperbola with a Horizontal Transverse Axis
with Center at
2 2
( 𝑥 − h) ( 𝑦 −𝑘 )
2
− 2
=1 ,
𝑎 𝑏
where and
EXAMPLE 1. Write the standard form of each of the
following equations of a hyperbola. Then, determine the
center of the hyperbola, the vertices, and the endpoints of
the conjugate axis.
2 2
a. 9 𝑥 − 4 𝑦 − 36=0
2 2
𝑥 𝑦 The center of the hyperbola is
− =1 at the origin.
4 9
Since the transverse axis is located on the x-
axis, the vertices are at and , and the endpoints
of the conjugate axis are and
 EXAMPLE 1. Write the standard form of each of the
following equations of a hyperbola. Then, determine the
center of the hyperbola, the vertices, and the endpoints of
the conjugate axis.
2 2
b. 𝑥 − 𝑦 +8 𝑥 − 2 𝑦 +14= 0

2 The center of the hyperbola is at , the

(𝑥+4 ) − ¿ vertices are at and , and the endpoints

of the conjugate axis are at and
 EXAMPLE 2. Determine the equations of the
asymptotes, vertices, the endpoints of the conjugate axis,
foci, and the length and endpoints of the latus rectum
given the equation

The center of the hyperbola is The vertices are at and , and the
at the origin and the transverse endpoints of the conjugate axis are at
axis is on the and

𝑎= 3∧ 2
𝑏= 2 The foci are at points and .
𝑦 =± 𝑥
3
The latus rectum is
EXAMPLE 2. Find the vertices, co –
vertices, foci, equations of the
asymptotes, length of the latus rectum of
the equation .