BE ENERGIZED!

REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

GROUP 11
Objectives
 To define references/Citations and
bibliography;
 Understand the use or functions of
referencing/citation;
 And learn how to do the right referencing;
writing works cited in MLA style, wrting
reference list in Chicago style.
 DEFINITION
Presenters:

ASALDO, CELINE GRACE

INTAL, ELENA JEAN
Citing/Citation
• notating when you quote, paraphrase, use
an idea, or summarise from someone
else,gives the reader the original source.

 A citation appears in the main text of the

paper.

 It is a way of giving credit to the

information that you have specifically
mentioned in your research paper by
leading the reader to the original source of
information.
Referencing
 • creating a list of sources you have
cited different from a bibliography,
which also includes sources you read
but did not use directly in writing your
text.

 A reference is a detailed description of

the source of information that you want
to give credit to via a citation. The
references in research papers are
usually in the form of a list at the end of
:
Bibliography
 While citations are listed in the order in
which they occur, entries in the
bibliography are alphabetized. The form of
the bibliography entry is also different from
the citation.
 A bibliography is a list of books and
other source material that you have
used in preparing a research paper.

 A list of references that is created at the

end of your research paper.

 A list of sources that appears at the end

of a research paper or an article, and
contains information that may or may
not be directly mentioned in the
research paper.
 For thesis, the bibliography is used.
 For essays and journal articles, references
will suffice.
 Note!

The bibliography style must ve thw same as

the un-text citation style.
DIFFERENCES
Presenter:
Difference between Referencing, Citation and
Bibliography

 Reference vs. Citation

 The essential difference between citations
and references is that citations lead a reader
to the source of information, while
references provide the reader with detailed
information regarding that particular source.
Difference between Referencing, Citation and
Bibliography

Bibliography vs. Referencing

 The difference between reference and
bibliography in research is that an
individual source in the list of references
can be linked to an in-text citation, while an
individual source in the bibliography may
not necessarily be linked to an in-text
citation.
 Citing demonstrates that you…
 • gathered evidence to support your ideas
and arguments
 • used credible, good quality sources
 • read widely and at an appropriate
academic level
 • allows your marker to differentiate
between your own work and the work of
others, and to locate your sources.
APPLICATION
Presenters:
BERNARDO
When, what and how to cite?
How to cite the source.
 After a quotation or a paraphrase, place in
parentheses the author's name and date of
publication. If you are citing an exact quotation,
include the page number after the date.
– “seven-year-olds, with their newly developed sense of
individuality and independence, view death as a remote
possibility, at least as far as they themselves are
concerned” (Bluebond-Langer, 1977, p. 61).
 How to fail
– seven-year-olds, with their newly developed sense of
individuality and independence, don’t view death as
real (Bluebond-Langer, 1977).
Your title
 E.g.
– A Summary and Critique of “Patterns of Brain
Electrical Activity During Facial Signs of
Emotion in 10 Month Old Infants” (Fox &
Davidson, 1988)
 Bibliography has full citation:
– Fox, N. & Davidson, R. J. (1988). Patterns of brain
electrical activity during facial signs of emotion in 10
month old infants. Developmental Psychology, 24(2),
230-236.
APA STYLE: Reference list
The reference list appears at the end of the
paper.
Some reminders;
1. Use hanging indention.Indent all line of
each entry by 0.5 inch fron the left.
2. When writing the author’s name,the
surname should be written before the first
name.Write only the initial of the first and
middle names.Use ellipses to separate names
when there is more than one author.
3. Capitalize only the first word of the title
and all the major words or proper noun in the
title and the rest of the necessary publication
information.
Examples:
Book:Author,A.A. (Year of
publication).Tittle of work:Capital letter also
for subtitle. Location:Publisher.
References
– Arnold, L.E. (1977). The significance of life
events as etiologic factors in the diseases of
children. Journal of Psychosomatic Research,
16, 7-18.
– Fogel, A., Melson, G.F., & Mistry, J. (1985).
Conceptualizing the determinants of
nurturance. In A. Fogel & G. F. Melson (Eds.),
Origins of nurturance (pp. 53-68). Hillsdale,
NJ: Erlbaum.
Reminders!
 1. Use hanging indention. Indent all lines
after the first line of each entry by 0.5 inch
from the left.
 2. When wrting the author’s name, the
surname shiuld be written before the first
name. Write only the initial of the first and
middle names. Use ellipses to seperate
names when there is more than one author.
APA
 This style of citations and bibliography is
the one used by the American Psychological
Association (APA), and it is the style
adopted by most of the journals in the field
of child development.
– Only in journal titles are all words capitalized.
– Book titles and titles of articles are lower case
except for the first word.
– In some cases, your bibliography will have one
source, the article that you are reviewing.
Plagiarism
 Failure to properly give credit to your
source of information comprises plagiarism
i.e., taking the ideas of another person and
using them as if they were your own ideas.
Plagiarizing can subject you to
administrative action or disciplinary
penalty.
You must cite your source:
 (1) When you use the 3 or more exact words of
other authors. Indicate the direct quote “by the use
of quotation marks” (Messinger, 2003, p. 12).
– Do not use direct quotes as a crutch.
 (2) When you paraphrase the words of someone
else, i.e., when you use the idea, but not the exact
words, of another person (Messinger, 2003).