SEGMENT 4:

MOOD DISORDERS
What is
?
- Are disorders chracterized by extreme and unwanted disturbances in
feeling or mood. these are major disturbances in one’s condition or
emotion, such as depression and mania. It is otherwise known as affective
disorder.
-A mood disorder is a mental health condition that primarily affects your
emotional state. It's a disorder in which you experience long periods of
extreme happiness, extreme sadness or both. Certain mood disorders
involve other persistent emotions, such as anger and irritability.
 Types of Mood Disorder
1. BIPOLAR DISORDER - it formerly known as manic depression, there are swings in the mood from elation (extreme
hapiness) to depression (extreme sadness) with no discernable external cause

TWO PHASES OF BIPOLAR

a. Manic Phase - in this stage the patient may show excessive unwarranted excitement or silliness, carrying jokes too far.
they may also show poor judgement and recklessness and may be argumentative. they may not be able to sit still for very
long.

b. Depressive Episode - bipolar depressed patients often sleep more than usual and are lethargic. patient may show
irritability and withdrawal.

2. DEPRESSIVE DISORDER - is when the person experiences extended, unexplainable periods of sadness.

THREE TYPES OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

a. Major Depressive Disorder- a person suffering is in a depressed mood for most of the day nearly everyday or has lost
interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities, for a period of at least two weeks.

b. Single Episode - it only strikess in one dramatic episode.

c. Recurrent - is an extended pattern of depressed episodes.

 SEGMENT 5:
PERSONALITY DISORDER
 Personality Disorder
- are chronic maladaptive cognitive behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into the individuals’s personality
and that are troublesome to others or whose pleasure sources are either harmful or illegal.

TEN TYPES OF PERSONALITY DISORDER (Clusters A, B and C)

CLUSTER A: Odd or Eccentric Behaviors

1. Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD) - those with SPD may be perceived by others as somber, aloof and often
reffered to as loners.

2. Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD) - They are prone to unjustified angry or aggressive outburst when they
perceive others as disloyal or deceitful, those with PPD more often come across as emotionally cold or excessively serious.

3. Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD) - characterized both by a need for isolation as well as odd, outlandish, or
paranoid beliefs. some researchers suggest that this disorder is less severe than schizophrenia.
-TEN TYPES OF PERSONALITY DISORDER (Clusters A, B and C)
CLUSTER B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behaviors

1. Antisocial personality disorder (APD) - is characaterized by lack of empathy or conscience, a difficulty controlling
impulses and manipulative behaviors. Antisocial behavior in people less than 18 years old is called conduct disorder.

2. Borderline Personality Disorder - (BPD) - borderlines are highly sensitive to rejection, and fear of abandonement
may result in frantic efforts to avoid being left alone, such as suicide threats and atempts.

3. Narcissitic Personality Disorder (NPD) - is characterized primarily by grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack
of empathy. Narcissistic tend to be extremely self-absorbed, intolerant of others perspectives, insensitive to others needs
and indifferent to the effect of their own egocentric behavior.

4. Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD) - individuals with this personality disorder exhibit a pervasive bpattern of
excessive emotionality and attempt to get attention in unusual ways, such bizzare apperance or speech.
-TEN TYPES OF PERSONALITY DISORDER (Clusters A, B and C)
CLUSTER C: Anxious, Fearful Behaviors

1. Avoidant Personality disorder (APD)- those with avoidant personalities are often hypersensitive to rejection and
unwilling to take social risk. Avoidant displays a high level of social discomfort, timidity, fear of criticism, avoidance of
activities that involve interpersonal contact.

2. Dependent Personality Disorder - (DPD) - dependent disorder typically exhibits a pattern of needy and submissive
behavior and rely on others to make decisions for them.

3. Obsessive- compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) - individuals with OCPD, also called Anankastic Personality
Disorder, are focused on order and perfection that their lack of flexibility interferes with productivity and efficiency . They
can also be workaholics, preferring the control of working alone, as they are afraid that work completed by others will not
be done correctly.
 SEGMENT 6:
SOMATOFORM DISORDER
 Somatoform Disorder
- is a mental disorder characterized by physical symptoms that mimic physical disease or injury for which there is no
identifieable physical cause. In people who have somatoform disorder, medical test results are either normal or dont
explain the person symptoms.

SIX MAJOR TYPES OF SOMATOFORM DISORDER

1. Conversion disorder (Hysteria) - this a condition where a patient displays neurological symptoms such as
numbness, paralysis, or fits, eventhough no neurological explanation is found and it is determined that the symptoms are
due to the patients psychological response to stress.

Symptoms are grouped as follows:

a. Sensory Symptoms - these include anesthesia, excessive sensitivity to strong stimulation, loss of sense of pain,
and unusual symptoms such as tingling or crawling sensations.

b. Motor Symptoms - any of the body’s muscle groups may be involved: arms, legs, vocal chords. included are
tremors, tics (involuntary twitches) and disorganized mobility or paralysis.

c. Visceral Symptoms - examples includes trouble swallowing, frequent belching, spells of coughing or vomiting,
all carried to an uncommon extreme. in both sensory and motor symptoms, the areas affected may not be correspond at
all to the nerve distribution in the area.
SIX MAJOR TYPES OF SOMATOFORM DISORDER
2. Hypochondriasis - It is a somatoform disorder in which persons in which persons are preoccupied with their
health and are convinced that they have some serious disorder despite reassurance from doctors to the contrary.

3. Somatization Disorder- also Briquet’s disorder or, in antiquity, hysteria is a psychiatric diagnosis applied to patients
who chronically and persistently complain of varied physical symptoms that have no identifiable physical origin.

4. Pain Disorder - it is when a patient experiences chronic pain in one or more areas , and is thought to be caused by
psychological stress. the pain is often so severe that it disables the patient from proper functioning. It can last as short as
a few days, to as long as many years.

5. Body Dysmorphic Disorder - previously known as Dysmorphophobia and sometimes referred to as body
dysmorphia or dysmorphic syndrome. it is a psychological somatoform disorder in which the affected person is
excessively concerned about preoccupied by a perceived defect in his or her physical features (body image)

6. Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder - only one unexplained symptom is required for atleast 6 months. Included
among these disorders are false pregnancy, psychogenic urinary retention, and mass psychogenic illness (mass hysteria).
What is the Difference between Fictitious Disorder and
Malingering?
Fictitious Disorder - is the term used to described a pattern of behavior centered on the exaggeration or
outright falsifications of ones own health problems or the health problems of others. Some people with this disorder fake
or exaggerates physical problems. Fictitious disorders have no such motivation.

Malingering - is not a form of mental illness. individuals with this disorders have a long standing pattern of
involvement in activities that purposely exploit or manipulate others or blatantly disregard the legal rights of others.

- also a falsification or profound exaggeration of illness (physical or mental) to gain external benefits such
as avoiding work or responsibility, seeking drugs, avoiding trial (law), seeking attention, avoiding military services, leave
from school, paid leave from a job, among others.

Malingering is the intentional fabrication of medical symptoms for the purpose of external gain. Along similar lines as
malingering, factitious disorder is the intentional creation or exaggeration of symptoms, but without intent for a concrete
benefit.
 SEGMENT 7:
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER
 Dissociative Disorder
- refers to the disorders in which, under stress, one loses the integration of conciousness, identity, and memories of
important perosonal events. this is formerly called as multiple personality disorder, dissociative identity disorder (DID).

FOUR TYPES OF DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER

1. Psychogenic amnesia - it is also known as Dissociative Amnesia is the temporary or permanent loss of a part or all
of the memory . when this is due to extreme psychosocial stress, it is labeled psychogenic amnesia. this stress is most
often associated with catastrophic events.

Four Sub-categories of Psychogenic Amnesia

a. Localized Amnesia- the disease renders the afflicted unable to recall the details of a usually trauamatic event,
such as a violent incestuous rape. this is the most common type of amnesia.

b. Selective Amnesia - often a person can remember certain general occurences of the traumatic situation, but not
th specific parts which make it so.

c. Generalized and Continuous Amnesia - exists when a person either forgets the details of his/her entire lifetime, or
as in the case of continuous amnesia he/she cant recall the details prior to a certain point in time, including the present.
FOUR TYPES OF DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER
2. Psychogenic Fugue- it is also known as Dissociative Fugue. Is simply the addition to generalized amnesia of a
flight from family, problem, or location. In highly uncommon cases, the person may create an entirelt new life. (fugue
means flight)

3. Multiple Personality Disorder - defined as the occurence of two or more personalities within the same individual,
each of which during sometime in the persons life is able to take control.

4. Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder - this is the continued presence of feelings that the person is not
himself/herself or that he/she cant control his/her actions. this is labeled as disorder when it is recurrent and impairs
social and occupational function.