Introduction to

Psychology
DELIVERED BY
AMNA NISAR
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST
SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PATHOLOGIST
Introduction to Psychology
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence

 Intelligence is an inferred process that humans use to

explain the different degrees of adaptive success in people’s
behavior.
 The capacity to understand the world, think rationally,
and use resources effectively when faced with challenges.
 The ability to understand and deal with people, objects, and
symbols
 The ability to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal
effectively with the environment
Mental Age

 Binet and Simon used Mental age to distinguish “bright” from “dull”
children
 Mental age is a concept related to intelligence. It looks at how a
specific individual (usually a child), at a specific age, performs
intellectually, compared to average intellectual performance for that
individual's actual chronological age (i.e. time elapsed since birth).
Chronological age

 Chronological age is a measure of an

individual's age based on the calendar date on which he or
she was born
What is IQ?

 Lewis Terman revised Simon and Binet’s test and published

a version known as the Stanford-Binet Test in 1916.

 Performance was described as an intelligence quotient (IQ)

which was imply the ratio of mental age to chronological
age multiplied by 100:
Emotional Intelligence

 EQ (Emotional Intelligence): Some psychologists broaden

the concept of intelligence even further beyond the
intellectual realm to include emotions. (EQ)
 Emotional intelligence is the set of skills that underlie
the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and
regulation of emotions.
What are emotions

An Emotion is a natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one’s

circumstances, mood or relationship with others.

Two types of Emotions:

 Positive Emotions
 Negative Emotions
Positive Emotions:

 Love
 Appreciation
 Happiness
 Hope
 Confidence
 Patient
 Trust
 Vulnerable
Negative Emotions:

 Fear
 Anger
 Guilt
 Depression
 Jealousy
 Anxiety
 Shame
 Regret
 Worried
 Sad
Experiencing Emotions

Emotional experiences have three components

 Subjective feelings
 Physiological responses
 Expressive behavior
Subjective feeling

That is how the individual interprets what they are feeling at any
point.
These are inner personal experiences. Subjective feelings in
response to an emotion cannot be readily observed.
 We also don't always experience pure forms of each
emotion. Mixed emotions over different events or situations
in our lives are common.
 When faced with starting a new job you might feel both
excited and nervous.
 Getting married or having a child might be marked by a
wide variety of emotions ranging from joy to anxiety. These
emotions might occur simultaneously, or you might feel
them one after another.
Physiological responses

This involves bodily changes which occur when we experience an

emotion. This involves the operation of the brain as well as the Autonomic
Nervous System and it also involves the cells in our body.
It is often our awareness of the arousal that makes us suddenly aware that
we are experiencing an emotion.
Expressive behavior

 This refers to the outward signs that an emotion is being

experienced.
 Such behavior can be intentional or Unintentional and
includes
 facial expressions as well as body language.
Factors Influencing Emotions

 Personality
 Weather
 Stress
 Social activities
 Sleep
 Exercise
 Age
 Gender
 Health
Emotional intelligence

Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand their own

emotions, the emotions of others, and to act appropriately
using these emotions.
Emotional intelligence never stops growing. Because we are
always evolving as people, EQ is something that must be
nurtured.
Aristotle says,

Anybody can become

angry – that is easy, but to be
angry with the right person
and to the right degree and at
the right time and for the right
purpose, and in the right way
– that is not within everybody’s
power and is not easy.
1. Self Awareness

 Recognize internal feelings

 Recognize how someone is feeling, without them having to
say anything.

 Using your gut feeling to guide decisions.

2. Managing emotions

 Finding ways to handle emotions that are appropriate to the

situations
3. Motivation

 Using self control to channel emotions towards a goal

4. Empathy

 Understanding the emotional perspective of other person

5. Handling Relationships

 Using personal information and information of others to

handle social relationships and to develop interpersonal
skills
IQ vs EQ
IQ vs EQ

IQ
• Measure of an individual’s
personal information bank
• Memory, vocabulary and visual motor skills
• IQ is set and peaks at age 17
• Remains constant through adulthood
EQ
Not fixed
Can be improved throughout life

IQ
Established by mid-teens
Can’t increase
Predicts only 10% – 20% of life success
 90% of the success of outstanding leaders is attributable to
emotional intelligence (EQ), which is twice as important
than intellectual intelligence (IQ).
 EI is the strongest predictor of workplace performance.

 90% of top performers have high emotional intelligence.

 People with average IQs outperform those with the highest

IQs 70% of the time.

 Decades of research now point to EI as being the critical

factor that sets star performers apart from the rest of the
pack.
Components of Emotional
quotient
 Intrapersonal – Self-regard,
emotional self awareness, independence, self-
actualization.
 Interpersonal- Empathy, Social responsibility and
interpersonal relationships
 Adaptability- reality testing, flexibility, problem
solving
 Stress management- stress tolerance, impulse
control
 General mood- optimism, happiness
Emotional intelligence chart

What I observe What I do

Personal Self a Self management

Competence Awareness

Social Competence Social Awareness Relationship

management
The structure of emotional
competence
 Characteristics of emotionally
intelligent people

 Knowing one’s feelings

 Managing emotions & feelings appropriately
 Able to motivate self
 Ability to persist in face of frustrations
 Ability to control impulses & delay gratification
 Ability to empathize with others
 Capacity to HOPE
 Social competencies
How to increase EQ

 Conduct a “personal inventory.”

 Analyze the setting & identify skills needed.
 Enlist trusted friends.
 Focus on a few competencies.
 Practice, practice, practice.
 Be observant and reflective.
 Don’t expect immediate results.
 Learn from your mistakes.
 Acknowledge your successes.
EQ values

 Creativity
 Stress Management
 Decision Making
 Relationship Building
 Can be enhanced
 What else is important to you?
 Or
Are
you on
Are the
you happy
on side?
this
side?
How to develop a higher sense
of emotional intelligence

Become emotionally literate; Label your feelings, rather

than labeling people or situations. ( Say “I feel” instead of
“I know”)
Distinguish between thoughts and feelings.
Take more responsibility for your feelings.
Use your feelings to help make decisions
Use feelings to set and achieve goals
 Be aware of how situations impact your thoughts, feelings
and physical reactions and how these may influence your
behaviours.
 Listen to verbal cues and observe non-verbal cues of others
 Use “I” statements not “you” statements
 STOPP (stop, take breath, observe, pull back,
practice/proceed)
 Don’t immediately believe all of your thoughts-challenge
them!
 Do regular self-care activities
Feel energized, not angry.
Validate other people's feelings.
Use feelings to help show respect for others.
Don't advise, command, control, criticize, judge or lecture to
others.
Avoid people who invalidate you.
Always be thankful

Thank you