Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Environmental Legislation Regulations
Environmental Legislation Regulations
Environmental Legislation Regulations
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): The governing body for major statues or laws National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)-1969: establishes policies, set goals and facilitate the implementation of such policies NEPA requires federal agencies to assess environmental impact of implementing their major program (Work with NASA & Army)
Structured so costs excessive compared to benefits. Command-and-control US Free Market Choice Uneven application of regulations Lack properly structured incentives Generate inefficiencies Paper work, costs Duplicative (Federal, State, etc)
Environmental Regulations
Clean Air Act (CAA)-1970 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)-1974 Clean Water Act (CWA)-1977 Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA) 1976 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)-1980 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide & Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) -1972 Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) -1996
Diesel Engines
Odor
Protect nations sources of drinking water Protect public health through treatment techniques MCLs: Maximum Contaminant Level Protect underground sources of drinking water Well Head protection areas
Water Pollution Control Restore & maintain chemical, physical and biological integrity of the nations waters Community sewers NPS pollution control (TMDLs!!!) National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
Hazardous Waste Underground tanks Control Solid Waste Regulation of facilities which burn waste
Also known as the Superfund Establish a Hazardous Substance Superfund Establish regulations controlling hazardous waste sites Provide liability for hazardous waste release from inactive sites
Revise and extends CERCLA Emergency planning & preparedness, community right-to-know reporting and toxic chemical release reporting Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Regulates the use and safety of pesticides products and features Classification and certification of pesticide by specific use Evaluation of risk posed by pesticides (Required for registration) Restriction of use of pesticides harmful to the environment Enforcement of requirements through inspections, labeling, notices and state regulations Groundwater management plan
Additional Regulations
Wild and Scenic Rivers Act -establishes wild and scenic river system Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) - balanced preservation & development in coastal areas Endangered Species Act - conserve endangered and threatened species
Additional Regulations
Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act - regulates dumping of all types of materials into ocean Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) - sets up toxic substances program - EPA can require manufacturers to collect data on effects of their substance National Historic Prevention Act -preserve, restore and maintain cultural resources
Additional Regulations
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) -1970 Oil Pollution Act (OPA)-1990 Endangered Species Act (ESA)-1973
The following slides were taken from a presentation given by Dr. Thomas L. Theis, Director of the Institute for Environmental Science and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago. September 13, 2005, Purdue University
CONTEXT
We Have Been Altering the Environment for a Long Time but are Just Beginning to Take Responsibility Environmental Issues are Not Just More Global, but More Complex Firms are Increasingly Being Held Responsible for Environmental and Social Externalities With Which They are Associated
Sustainability Requires a Different Way of Thinking About How We Interact Within the Environment That: Stresses integration of our needs with those of our progeny Views the natural world as a constrained system Sees humanity as part of a symbiotic relationship with the world Recognizes the value of ecosystem services Understands the need to make decisions within a holistic framework
Visual / Navigability
Past / Present
Compliance / Remediation
Negative Profit
Command-andcontrol
Present / Future
Strategic
Systems Approach
Physical / Chemical / Biological Sciences; Architecture; Law; Ethics; Urban Planning -Integrative
Finished material
Final product is measured in terms of service, rather than material, at end of chain rather than in middle.
Exposure (Capture)
Storage
Final Product
DRIVING FORCES
Accelerated Costs of Environmental Compliance Legislation Focused on Product and Socially Responsible Stewardship New, More Efficient Processing Technologies Application of Life Cycle Analysis and Total Cost Accounting Ability to Measure More Accurately the Impacts of Waste Emissions