PowerPoint

Presentation for
Management of
Occupational Health
and Safety

Prepared by
Bernadette Gatien

Copyright © 2021 by Nelson Education Ltd.

 Chapter 1
Introduction

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 Learning Objectives
• After reading this chapter, you should be able
to:
– Explain how OH&S affects us all
– Define OH&S, occupational injury, and
occupational illness
– Describe the financial and social costs associated
with occupational injuries and illnesses
– Discuss the development of modern models of
health and safety management
continued…

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 Learning Objectives
• After reading this chapter, you should be able
to:
– List and describe the roles of the major
stakeholders in OH&S
– Explain the connection between human resource
management and OH&S
– Describe the links between human resource
practices and health and safety

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 What Is
Occupational Health and Safety?

• Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)

– The identification, evaluation, and control of
hazards associated with the work
environment
• Hazard
– Any source of potential adverse health effect,
damage, or harm on something or someone
under certain conditions at work
– Hazards include chemical, biological,
physical, and psychological agents

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 What Is
Occupational Health and Safety?
• Occupational Health & Safety Programs
– Goal of OH&S Programs:
• Reduce occupational injury and illness
– Occupational Injury:
• Any cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation resulting from
a workplace incident
– Occupational Illness:
• Any abnormal condition or disorder caused by exposure
to environmental factors associated with employment

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 OH&S Today 1.1
Rail Disaster at Lac-Mégantic
• In July 2013, railway cars filled with
crude oil derailed and smashed into
downtown Lac-Mégantic.
• 47 people died and much of the
town was destroyed.
• The TSB found 18 different
contributing factors including poor
company safety culture and
unresolved mechanical issues
previously identified by Transport
Canada.

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 • Workplace Fatalities,
Injuries, and Illness in
Canada
– Around 1000–1100 workers
die yearly as a result of
OH&S workplace incidents
– Interpretation of workplace
Statistics fatality and injury data
should consider how many
people work in each industry,
region, and the reporting
requirements in each area

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OH&S Statistics

1-9
 • Lost-Time Injury
OH&S – A workplace injury that
results in the employee
Statistics missing time from work

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OH&S Statistics

1-11
 • Changing Perspectives on
Risk and Liability
– Until the early 20th century,
Historical the prevailing model for
Development workplace hazards was the
of Modern assumption of risk
Occupational • Belief that a worker accepted
Health and the risks of employment when
Safety he or she accepted a job
• Associated is the view that
injuries were caused by
accident-prone people

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 • Changing Perspectives on
Risk and Liability
Historical
– Accident proneness
Development
• The notion that some
of Modern individuals are inherently more
Occupational likely than others to be
Health and involved in accidents, as a
Safety result of individual
characteristics

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 Historical Development of Modern
Occupational Health and Safety
• What are the hazards
the loggers in this
historical photo face at
work?
• At this time in history,
who would likely be
considered responsible
for any workplace injury
that occurred?

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 • Late 19th century
– Ontario legislation
Historical established safety standards
Development (machine guards).
of Modern • Early 20th century
Occupational – Canadian jurisdictions passed
Health and factory laws to regulate
Safety heating, lighting, ventilation,
hygiene, fire safety, and
accident reporting.

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 • Royal Commission on
Relations of Capital and
Labour in Canada (1889)
Historical – Commissioners made several
Development recommendations:
of Modern • Improving health and safety by
Occupational establishing standards and
Health and mandating regular inspections
• System for compensating
Safety victims of industrial accidents,
regardless of who was at fault
• Labour bureau to be created
to oversee these activities

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 • Royal Commission on the
Health and Safety of
Workers in Mines
Historical – In 1974, the three principal
Development rights of workers first
of Modern articulated:
Occupational • Right to refuse dangerous
Health and work without penalty
Safety • Right to participate in
identifying and correcting
health and safety problems
• Right to know about hazards in
the workplace

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 • Workplace Hazardous Materials
Information System (WHMIS)
legislation passed (1988; revised in
Historical 2015)
Development – Reflects the fundamental right of
of Modern workers to know about potential
Occupational workplace hazards
• Changes to the Criminal Code to
Health and allow for criminal charges for some
Safety OH&S violations (2004)
• OH&S incorporates physical and
mental health

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 • Economic Considerations
Imperatives for – Work-related injury costs are direct and
Health and indirect
– Costs of workplace injuries estimated at
Safety 4% of the world GDP
– Estimates of cost are likely
underestimated:
• Injuries are not accurately reported
• Statistics do not adequately capture
illnesses caused or exacerbated by
exposure to workplace conditions

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Imperatives for • Legal Considerations
Health and – OH&S acts provide legal rights
to safe workplaces for every
Safety worker
– Due diligence:
• Expected standard of
conduct that requires
employers to take every
reasonable precaution to
ensure safety

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 • Moral Considerations
– Ethical arguments that safety is
the “right” focus for employers

– Workers have a responsibility

Imperatives to learn about and enact safety
and health practices
for Health
and Safety – Management commitment to
health and safety results in
higher levels of employee
motivation to work safely and
better organizational safety
records
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The Stakeholders

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The Stakeholders

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 The Stakeholders
• Government
– Legislation
• Occupational Health & Safety Acts
• Workers’ Compensation Acts
– Support Knowledge Sharing and Research on
OH&S
• E.g., Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and
Safety (CCOHS) was established by federal
government to provide health and safety
information to any worker who requests it

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 • Employers
– Prepare written OH&S policy
and display prominently in
workplace
– Provide and maintain
The equipment, materials, and
Stakeholders protective devices
– Ensure manner in which the
work is performed is safe,
and environment is free from
hazards and serious risks

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 • Employees
– Perform duties and tasks in
safe and responsible manner
– Wear protective equipment
The in compliance with company
and legislative regulations
Stakeholders
– Report defective equipment
and other workplace hazards
to safety professional, joint
health and safety committee,
or manager

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 • Organized Labour
– Take part in the joint occupational health
and safety committee
– Bring emerging problems and issues in
The health and safety to attention of
government and employers
Stakeholders – Pressure other stakeholders to take
corrective action
– Use collective bargaining process to
incorporate health and safety provisions
in many contracts

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 Backbone of
Canadian
OH&S
legislation
OH&S
Notebook 1.1 • The system of shared
Internal responsibility for health and
responsibility safety that is the basis for
Internal system (IRS) most Canadian OH&S
legislation

Responsibility
Primary
System responsibility
rests with
workplace and
not
government
regulators

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 Employers
who value
Employers
production
who value
over safety
production
over safety

Employers
who focus on
Barriers safety only
when they feel
E.g., cleaning up the worksite only when there is
safety inspection
they must

Employers
may be
uninformed or
lack
confidence
about safety
concerns

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 Alliances among Parties within a
stakeholders can help workplace can form
overcome barriers to effective OH&S
OH&S programs partnerships
Partnerships Emphasis of
E.g., employer,
shared goals can
employees, and
facilitate
union
partnerships

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 Partnerships
• Broader groups of stakeholders can
also partner to promote OH&S
– E.g., workers’ compensation
boards and industry safety
associations

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 OH&S Today 1.5
Young Workers at Risk
• My Safe Work

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 Broad array of backgrounds can develop careers in the
OH&S field
E.g., industrial hygiene, occupational medicine,
Occupational workplace wellness promotion, OH&S training
Health and
Safety
Professionals
Safety certifications, such as CRSP®, help companies
identify individuals with relevant OH&S training

Companies may employ a range of OH&S professionals

1-33 or may delegate OH&S responsibilities to an HR
generalist and contract out specialized OH&S services to
third parties

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 • Canadian Registered Safety
Professionals (CRSP®) are recognized
experts

OH&S • Many organizations require

Notebook 1.2 individuals in the field to hold this
Occupational designation
Health &
Safety • CRSPs have training in:
Professionals – Hazard identification and analysis
– Incident severity evaluation
– Development and communication
of hazard control policies

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 Traditional views of safety emphasized the three
Es:
Engineering Education Enforcement

The Role
of Human Three Es do not provide a total solution

Resources

Focusing on people side of safety is likely to

result in a safer workplace

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 • Safety is often managed
under the human resources
function in organizations for
several reasons:
– Safety is integrated into
The Role other human resource
of Human functions
• E.g., training , job design,
Resources scheduling
– Safety requires legislative
compliance
– Safety decreases costs

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 Video and
Publications Links
• WorkSafeBC Video: Standing on the Edge (note:
graphic content) (3min, 11sec)

• WorkSafeBC Publications

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 • Use the discussion questions to
strengthen your understanding of:
– Why OH&S is a concern for
everyone
– Why historically concern for work-
Discussion related injuries was greater than
workplace illnesses
Questions – Why hazards should be controlled
and who the stakeholders are
– What role OH&S professionals
play in protecting employees

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