PRESENTED BY:

JOHNDRICK ROHAN B. ARBOLEDA

JERALD CORPIN
 NEURON

• Neurons are nerve cells that send messages all

over your body to allow you to do everything from
breathing to talking, eating, walking, and thinking.
Until recently, most neuroscientists (scientists who
study the brain) thought we were born with all the
neurons we were ever going to have.
PARTS OF A NEURON AND THEIR
FUNCTION
 Types of Neuron
Neurons, or nerve cells, are the fundamental units of the nervous system
responsible for transmitting information. There are several types of neurons
based on their structure and function. The three main types are:
• Sensory Neurons (Afferent Neurons): These neurons transmit signals
from sensory organs (such as eyes, ears, skin) to the central nervous
system (brain and spinal cord). They play a crucial role in conveying
information about the external environment to the brain.
• Interneurons (Association Neurons): Found within the central nervous
system, interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons. They integrate
and interpret the signals received from sensory neurons, and they also
communicate with motor neurons to generate appropriate responses.
Interneurons are essential for processing information and forming
complex neural pathways.
• Motor Neurons (Efferent Neurons): Motor neurons transmit signals
from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. They are
responsible for carrying out the body's responses to sensory input. Motor
neurons play a key role in controlling muscle contractions and other
motor functions.
Additionally, neurons can be categorized based on their structure:
1.
Unipolar Neurons: These neurons have a single process extending from the cell body, which then splits into two branches. Unipolar neurons are typically found in invertebrates.
2.
Bipolar Neurons: These neurons have two processes extending from the cell body—an axon and a dendrite. Bipolar neurons are commonly found in sensory organs like the retina of the eye and the olfactory epithelium in the nose.
3.
Multipolar Neurons: These neurons have multiple processes extending from the cell body, including one axon and multiple dendrites. Most neurons in the human nervous system are multipolar, and they play various roles in
information processing and transmission.
 NERVE CELL STRUCTURE
• CELL BODY : Two major components – Nucleus and Cytoplasm
• CYTOPLASM : Contains microscopic organelles such as mitochondria, ribosomes,
lysomes, and golgi complexes.
• Primary function is to metabolize protein for maintenance, growth and viability
of the cell.
• CELL BODIES : Not only utilize and convert outside glucose to generate energy,
but also manufacture their own protein
• This protein is conducted through microtubules through the axons.