True Experiments

Group 2-
Arshdeep Singh (815976)
Lovisht Chawla (815481)
Palak (815842)

PSYCH 110.11 Winter 2024

Table of Contents

• Introduction 3 • Analyzing Results 8

• Designing a True 4 • Factors Influencing 9

Experiment True Experiments
• Selection and 5 • Conclusion 10
Assignment
• Independent and
Dependent Variable 6
 Introduction

What is a cause-effect relationship? How do you establish this

relationship between the two
It is the relationship between two events or variables?
situations, where one of the two is the cause By conducting a true scientific experiment.
of the other.

What is a true experiment?

It is an experiment conducted to prove or
disprove a cause-effect relationship between
two variables. 3
Designing a True Experiment

To conduct true experiment, an experimenter needs two groups

The merged group being

observed

Experimental Group - The group of Control Group -The group of

participants that is getting the participants that is not getting the
experimental manipulation experimental manipulation 4
Selection and Assignment
Since the population is too large to be experimented with, we use samples to conduct
research.
Random Sample
VS
• The selection of participants is random.
• It is a subset of a larger population in
which every member of the population
has an equal chance of being selected.
Random Assignment
• The splitting of the participants into
experimental and control groups is
random.
• All participants have an equal chance of
being assigned to either group.
5
Independent And Dependent Variables
Independent Variable (IDV)
• It is the variable that is
manipulated or controlled by
the experimenter.
• It is the difference between the
experimental and control
groups.
Dependent Variable (DV)
• It is the variable that the
researcher measures to see
how much effect the
independent variable has.
• The dependent variable
depends on the independent
variable.
6
Independent And Dependent Variables

Painkillers
Example

• An experiment is designed to test whether analgesic drugs are effective for pain reduction in
people.
• In the experiment, two groups are given some sort of pills to reduce the intensity and
frequency of pain.
• The independent variable in this experiment is the presence of analgesic drugs in the pill and
the dependent variable is the lowered intensity and frequency of pain.
• The experimental group is given the pill with the analgesic drugs
• The control group is given a placebo pill.
DID YOU KNOW
Placebo effect -
Simply expecting something to happen
can actually make it happen.
7
Analysis
Statistical Analysis:-
We use significance levels and
probability to determine if we have a
statistically significant result.
Range - 0 to 1
0 = Not due to chance
1 = Due to chance
Connecting to our example:
If the value of our experiment turns out
to be 0, we interpret that the result was
due to our manipulation and not due to
chance. On the other hand, if the value is
1, we interpret that our manipulation did
not have any effect and the result was
due to chance
8
Factors Influencing True Experiments
Experimenter Bias
• Refers to the possibility that a
researcher’s expectations
might skew the results of the
study.
• This can result in an unreliable
test result.
Single-Blind Study
• In this type of study, the
participants do not know
which group they are in
(control or experimental), but
the researchers are aware of it.
Double-Blind Study
• In this type of study, both the
participants as well as the
experimenters are unaware of
the placement of the
participants.
9
Conclusion

True experiments are essential to establish any cause-effect

relationship.
• We need two separate groups and the participants should be
unaware of the group they have been placed in to ensure better
results.
• The selection and assignment of participants should be done
randomly.
• The results should be interpreted based on statistical data.
• We need to use methods like single-blind studies and double-
blind studies to tackle issues like experimental bias and make the
test results more reliable.
10
The End
Thank You for Listening