Project Presentation on

Design of Hybrid Two Wheeler Vehicle for Automation in

Transport Powered by Compressed Air and Battery
PRESENTED BY
K Shekhar 2451-20-736-303
Bollam Ravi 2451-20-736-305
G Sahithya 2451-20-736-309
GUIDED BY
Dr. Suri Srinivas, M.Tech., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering

MATURI VENKATA SUBBA RAO (MVSR) ENGINEERING COLLEGE (A)
Nadergul, Hyderabad
 ABSTRACT
The automotive industry is currently exploring innovative technologies to meet the growing need
for sustainable and efficient transportation solutions. This particular project is centered around the
creation of a hybrid two-wheeler vehicle that aims to revolutionize urban transport. By integrating
compressed air and battery-powered propulsion systems, this vehicle seeks to enhance efficiency,
minimize environmental impact, and overcome the limitations of traditional internal combustion
engines.
To optimize the vehicle’s performance and energy efficiency, advanced control Algorithms are
implemented, allowing for intelligent management of the power sources based on driving
conditions and user preferences. Automation features, including sensor-based navigation and
collision avoidance systems, contribute to the safety and convenience of the vehicle, aligning with
the evolving trends in autonomous transportation.
The main objective of this project is to seamlessly integrate these power sources in the design of a
two-wheeler vehicle, optimizing their individual strengths to achieve enhanced performance and
range. Furthermore, the project explores the automation aspect by incorporating intelligent control
systems, connectivity features, and advanced sensor technologies, taking the initiative to a whole
new level
INTRODUCTION

In response to the increasing demand for sustainable and efficient transportation

solutions, a groundbreaking initiative has emerged the development of a Hybrid Two-
Wheeler Vehicle that combines compressed air and battery technologies. This project
aims to revolutionize urban mobility by harnessing the advantages of both power
sources. By integrating compressed air and electric battery propulsion, this innovative
vehicle seeks to overcome the limitations of traditional fossil fuel-based vehicles,
offering a cleaner, more environmentally friendly, and economically viable option for
personal transportation.

A Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a combination of Compressed air and an electric

motor to run the vehicle. Strictly speaking any vehicle with two or more power
sources for propulsion can be termed as hybrid. i.e.a HEV can be a combination of
ICE vehicle and solar powered vehicles or a combination of electric vehicle and solar
powered vehicle. However there are certain limitations even with HEV’s which has to
be overcome for large scale utilization of these vehicles.
 Compressed Air Engine
A compressed air engine is a type of engine which does mechanical work by expanding
compressed air. Pneumatic engine generally convert compressed air energy to
mechanical work either into linear motion or rotatory motion. Where Linear motion is
come from diaphragm and rotary motion is come from either a vane type air motor or
piston air motor.
Pneumatic motors which are existed in
many forms from the past two centuries,
Many compressed air engines improve
their performance by modifying their
compressed air tank and heating the
incoming air or the engine itself. The
given Fig: show a newly design engine
that operated by compressed air, here
modification is done with tank where
compressed air is stored.
 Types of Drive Trains
1.Series Hybrid
In a series hybrid system, the Pneumatic drill drives an electric generator (usually a
three-phase alternator plus rectifier) instead of directly driving the wheels. The electric
motor is the only means of providing power to the wheels. The generator both charges a
battery and powers an electric motor that moves the vehicle. When large amounts of
power are required, the motor draws electricity from both the batteries and the
generator.
2.Parallel Hybrid
Parallel hybrid systems have both an compressed air driver vehicle (CAD) and an
electric motor in parallel connected to a mechanical transmission.
Series Parallel Hybrid
The series layout and the parallel layout are merged together in order to have both
advantages In particular the ICE is able to supply the electrical motor or charge the
battery than to a generator.
Hybrid electric vehicle

Air
Tank
 Advantages of Hybrid Compressed Air Vehicle
1.Batteries, compressed air is favorable because of a high energy density, low
toxicity, fast filling at low cost and long service life. These issues make it
technically challenging to design air engines for all kind of compressed air driven
vehicles.

2.To meet the growing demand of public transportation, sustainable with

environmental consciousness, people are in the search for the ultimate clean car
with zero-emissions

3.One major advantage of using compressed air to power a car's engine is that a
pure compressed air vehicle produces no pollution at the tailpipe.

4.More specifically, the compressed air cars we're likely to see in the near future
won't pollute at all until they reach speeds exceeding 35 miles per hour.
That's when the car's internal air compressor will kick in to achieve extra speed. The
motor that runs this air compressor will require fuel that'll produce a small amount
of air pollution
 Advantages (Contd…)
5.Another advantage of air cars is that the fuel should be remarkably cheap, an
important consideration in this era of volatile gas pipe Some estimates say that the cars
will get the equivalent of 106 miles (171 kilometres) per gallon, although compressed
air will probably not be sold by the gallon.

6.A more meaningful estimate is that it may take as little as $2 worth of electricity to
fill the compressed air tank, though you'll also need gasoline to power the electric
motor that compresses air while driving. The vehicles themselves also will be
relatively cheap. Zero Pollution Motors.
 Disadvantages of Hybrid compressed air vehicle
1.The air compressor at the gas station will probably be powered by electricity The
production of that electricity may or may not pollute, depending on how that electricity
is generated. For example, coal-powered electricity could produce substantial amounts
of pollution. Cleaner sources of electricity, such as nuclear power or hydropower, will
result in far less pollution. But carbon dioxide emissions per mile based on the average
mix of electric power sources during refuelling.

2.Distance could also become a disadvantage, depending on your travel habits. The
distance that an air car can cover without refuelling is crucial because very few filling
stations will have compressed air pumps available at first.

3. If you only plan to use your air car for short commutes distances less than 100 miles --
will be fine. However, the one- to-two hour wait for the car's built-in air compressor to
compress a tank full of air could become a problem on cross-country
trips
 Disadvantages (Contd…)
4.Compressed air tanks can be dangerous. To reduce this danger, the air
tanks are made of carbon fiber and are designed to crack, rather than
shatter, in a crash. This crack would allow the "fuel" to escape harmlessly
into the surrounding air. Manufacturers feared that air escaping from one
end of the tank could produce a rocket-like effect and propel the Car on a
jet of air. The valve on the cars' fuel tanks has been placed on the side to
minimize this effect.

Despite these precautions, there is some concern that the air cars'
lightweight construction might make it difficult for them to pass
stringent .safety requirements and that this could hold up the arrival of air
cars
 Literature survey
S. No. Author (S) Title of the paper Name of the journal Publisher ISBN No. Page nos Vol. / issue No. Year of publication Scopus indexed Major Findings
Yes/No
1. Kripal Raj Mishra Study About Engine IOSR Journal of Mechanical International Organization 2278-1684 5 11/6 2014 yes Investigate the
and Gaurav Operated By Compressed and Civil Engineering (IOSR- of Scientific Research energy conversion
Sugandh Air (C.A.E): A JMCE) process from
Pneumatic Power Source compressed air to
mechanical work and
identify potential
areas for
improvement.

2. Professor Kalpesh Study and Development International Journal for Centre Of Scientific 2321-0613 5 2/05 2014 yes Conversion of 4
Chavda and Patel of Compressed Air Scientific Research & Innovation And Research stroke SI Engine into
Manish D Engine-Single Cylinder Development| Foundation CAE

3. Anirudh Addala and Fabrication and Testing of Global Journal of Researches Global Journals Inc. (USA) 2249-4596 9 13/1 2013 no nvestigate the
Srinivasu Gangada Compressed Air Car in Engineering performance
Mechanical and Mechanics characteristics of
Engineering compressed air
engines, including
power output,
torque, and speed,
and compare them to
traditional
combustion engine

4. Sharada Prasad N Design and Development International Journal of ITR, an Icelandic 2320-2084 4 2/9 2014 yes Conversion of
and Dr. K R Nataraj of Hybrid electric two Electrical, Electronics and publications Conventional Vehicle
Wheeler Suitable for Data Communication into Hybrid Electric
Indian Road Conditions Vehicle and How
Control System
Works.

5. Pappuri Design and Fabrication of International Journal of Research India 0973-4562 6 14/4 2019 yes Designing Procedure
Hazarathaiah, Y. Hybrid Electric Bike Applied Engineering Publications and Calculations for
Ashok Kumar Research Hybrid electric
Reddy, P. Vijaya Vehicle
Bhaskara Reddy,
and M.
Sreenivasulu
Gaps In The Literature Survey
• From the literature survey we concluded that presently, the automotive industry faces several
significant gaps in technology, particularly in the absence of hybrid vehicles powered by
compressed air and batteries.
• One notable gap is the challenge of achieving optimal energy efficiency and environmental
sustainability in urban transportation. Conventional vehicles, relying solely on internal
combustion engines or electric power, often struggle with issues such as limited range, extended
refuelling or recharging times, and dependency on fossil fuels.
• The lack of a comprehensive hybrid system utilizing both battery and compressed air hinders
the development of an effective solution for short-distance commuting, where frequent stops and
starts are prevalent. Additionally, the current reliance on traditional propulsion systems
contributes to higher emissions and fails to address the growing need for versatile, eco-friendly
transportation options.
Process Flow Chart
Start

Literature Survey ,Problem Definition

Converting 4 Stroke Engine into CAE

Designing of Engine

Electric motor installation

Battery System Integration

Integration of control system

Testing and Optimization

Safety and Compliance

References
[1] Haisheng Chen et al. “Air fuelled zero emission road transportation: A comparative study”, Applied Energy
88 (2011), 24 June 2010, pp: 337–342
[2] Amir Fazeli et al. “A novel compression strategy for air hybrid engines” Applied Energy 88 (2011) ,8
March 2011, pp: 2955–2966
[3] Ganesan, V. “Computer Simulation of Compression ignition Engine Processes” University press, 2002.
[4] HEYWOOD, J.B., “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals”:McGraw-Hill Book Company, SA, 1988.
[5] Guey Nyger, MDI “The Compressed air Engine” Barcelona, Spain, 2002.
[6] A. Garg, P. Shukla, S. Bhattacharya, and V. Dadhwal, “Sub-region (district) and sector level so2 and nox emissions
for india: assessment of inventories and mitigation flexibility,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 703–713,
2001.
[7] T. H. Bradley and A. A. Frank, “Design, demonstrations and sustainabil-ity impact assessments
for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 115–
128, 2009.
Reference Links
[1]. Compressed air engine,http://www.engineair.com.au/index
[2]. http://www.aircarcompressedairtechnology.com/engine-eng.php
[3]. http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/vehicles/air-car1.html
[4]. http://www.technicaljournalsonline.com/ijeat
[5]. http://youtube.com+compressed+air+technology
[6]. Compressed air technology, http://youtube.com+compressed+air+technology