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7 Stress Transformations
7 Stress Transformations
7 Stress Transformations
CHAPTER MECHANICS OF
7 MATERIALS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf
Lecture Notes:
Transformations of
Stress and Strain
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
Introduction
• The most general state of stress at a point may
be represented by 6 components,
x , y , z normal stresses
xy , yz , zx shearing stresses
(Note : xy yx , yz zy , zx xz )
Introduction
• Plane Stress - state of stress in which two faces of
the cubic element are free of stress. For the
illustrated example, the state of stress is defined by
x , y , xy and z zx zy 0.
Principal Stresses
• The previous equations are combined to
yield parametric equations for a circle,
x ave 2 x2y R 2
where
2
x y x y 2
ave R xy
2 2
2
x y 2
max R xy
2
x y
tan 2 s
2 xy
Example 7.01
SOLUTION:
• Find the element orientation for the principal
stresses from
2 xy
tan 2 p
x y
• Determine the principal stresses from
2
x y x y 2
max,min xy
For the state of plane stress shown, 2 2
determine (a) the principal panes, • Calculate the maximum shearing stress with
(b) the principal stresses, (c) the 2
maximum shearing stress and the x y 2
max xy
corresponding normal stress. 2
x y
2
Example 7.01
SOLUTION:
• Find the element orientation for the principal
stresses from
2 xy 2 40
tan 2 p 1.333
x y 50 10
2 p 53.1, 233.1
p 26.6, 116 .6
x 50 MPa xy 40 MPa
x 10 MPa • Determine the principal stresses from
2
x y x y 2
max,min xy
2 2
20 302 402
max 70 MPa
min 30 MPa
Example 7.01
• Calculate the maximum shearing stress with
2
x y 2
max xy
2
302 402
max 50 MPa
x 50 MPa xy 40 MPa s p 45
x 10 MPa s 18.4, 71.6
xy
Tc
2.7 kip in 0.6 in
J 1 0.6 in 4
2
2
x y x y 2
max,min xy
2 2
2
0 8.84 0 8.84
7.96
2
2 2
max 13.52 ksi
min 4.68 ksi
P P
x , y xy 0 x y xy
A 2A
Tc Tc
x y 0 xy x y xy 0
J J
Example 7.02
Example 7.02
• Principal planes and stresses
max OA OC CA 20 50
max 70 MPa
max OB OC BC 20 50
max 30 MPa
FX 40
tan 2 p
CP 30
2 p 53.1
p 26.6
Example 7.02