Your Friend Manuel

 Cognates are words in two languages that

have a common development and thus are
similar or identical in their meanings.
 For example, without knowing any Spanish
you could guess that the word apartamento
means apartment in English.
 This does not mean that you can simply and
an “o” or “a” to the end of any English word
and make it Spanish.
 There are also false cognates. These are
words that look like words in English, but
have no common meaning.
 For example, the Spanish word carpeta does
not mean carpet in English, instead it means
folder.
 On your own paper, write what you think the
following cognates mean:
1. diciembre 11. activo
2. mapa 12. turista
3. tomate 13. artista
4. melón 14. inteligente
5. animales 15. acción
6. diccionario 16. agosto
7. falso 17. música
8. estudiante 18. elefante
9. accidente 19. historia
10. autógrafo 20. pingüino
 Check your answers:
1. diciembre - December 11. activo - active
2. mapa - map 12. turista - tourist
3. tomate - tomato 13. artista - artist
4. melón - melon 14. inteligente - intelligent
5. animales - animals 15. acción - action
6. diccionario - dictionary 16. agosto – august
7. falso - false 17. música – music
8. estudiante- student 18. elefante – elephant
9. accidente - accident 19. historia – history
10. autógrafo - autograph 20. pingüino – penguin
 Some Spanish words look like English
words but they have a very different
meaning. These words are called false
cognates. Here are a few examples :
 actual - current (NOT actual)
 asistir - to attend (NOT to assist)
 largo - long (NOT large)
 embarazada - pregnant (NOT
embarrassed)
 la fábrica - factory (NOT fabric)
 la librería - bookstore (NOT library)
 exito – success (NOT exit)
 Some Spanish words look exactly the same as
they do in English, but you must pronounce
them differently because you are speaking in
Spanish (obviously).
 For example, the word doctor is the same in
English and in Spanish, but must be
pronounced differently because vowels make
different sounds in Spanish than they do in
English.
 Here are more words that are spelled
exactly the same in Spanish and English
but are pronounced differently:
 Animal, actor, hotel, color, director,
general, hospital and moral
 There are several more, these are just a
few examples.
 If an English word ends in “ist” the Spanish rule
is to generally add “ista” to the end of it.
 turista – tourist
 socialista – socialist
 egoísta – egoist
 artista – artist
 lista - list
 If an English word ends in “ty” generally change
it to “dad.”
 electricidad – electricity
 universidad – university
 identidad – identity
 actividad – activity
 curiosidad - curiosity
 If an English word ends in "tion" generally
change it to "ción".
 acción – action
 instrucción – instruction
 condición – condition
 combinación – combination
 asociación - association
 If an English word ends in "al" some of the
time the Spanish word is identical.
 criminal – criminal
 natural – natural
 usual – usual
 brutal – brutal
 local - local
 For adverbs, which end in “ly” you change it
to "mente".
 difícilmente – difficultly
 exactamente – exactly
 naturalmente – naturally
 finalmente – finally
 normalmente – normally
 absolutamente - absolutely
Your Contact Information
•Your Name
•Your Job Title
•Your Company
•Your Address The Salutation
•City, State Zip Code Use "To Whom It May Concern," if
•Your Phone Number you’re unsure specifically whom
•Your Email Address you’re addressing.
Use the formal salutation “Dear
Mr./Ms./Dr. [Last Name],” if you do
not know the recipient.
Use “Dear [First Name],” only if you
have an informal relationship with
the recipient.
The Body
•Use single-spaced lines with an added
space between each paragraph, after
the salutation, and above the closing.
•Left justify your letter (against the left
margin). If your letter is less formal, consider
using:
All the best
Best
Thank you
Regards
SIGNATURE
 Linda Lau
Northern State University
123 Main Street
Anytown, CA 12345
555-555-5555
linda.lau@email.com
 March 5, 2020
 Oscar Lee
Managing Editor
Acme Graphic & Design
123 Business Rd.
Business City, CA 54321
 Dear Mr. Lee,
 I would like to invite you to attend our upcoming Liberal Arts department job networking event.
The event will be held on the afternoon of May 1, 2020. We wish to provide our graduating seniors
with an opportunity to meet business leaders in the area who may be looking for new hires
who hold degrees in the Liberal Arts.
 The event will be held at the Cox Student Center at Northern State University and will last about
two to three hours. If you have an interest in attending or sending a company representative to
meet with our students, please let me know at your earliest convenience and I can reserve a table
for you.
 Thank for your time and I hope to hear from you soon.
 Respectfully,
 (signature hard copy letter)
 Linda Lau
Liberal Arts Department Chair
  ACTIVITY 6
Write a formal e-mail to your accountancy
teacher