Functions

BAC 2022
 Advice

Asking for Advice Giving Advice

 My advice for you is to…+ verb…
• What should I do?
 I advise you to…………..+ verb …
• What do you suggest?
 You should……………….+ verb…
• Do you have any idea?
 You ought to……………..+ verb…
• What do you advise me to do?
 You’d better…………...…+ verb …
• What ought I to do?
 I think you should……..…+ verb …
• What would you do if you were me?
 You should perhaps………+ verb …
• What is your advice for me?
 If I were you I would…..…+ verb …
• What do you think I should do?
 Why don’t you……….......+ verb …?
• What would you do if…?
 You should consider.…..+ verb + ing…
Your Problem + An expression
 Have you thought about..+ verb + ing ...?

John : I am very tired, what should I do?

His friend: My advice for you is to have some rest.
 Opinion

Asking for opinion Giving opinion

• What’s your opinion about…………?
• What do you think about…………...?
• How do you see ……………………?
• Do you have anything to say about…?
• How do you feel about……………..?
• What’s your view on ……………….?
• What’s your position on…………….?
• Are you for or against…………...….?
• Do you think that…………………....?
• Do you share the view that……….…?
• Please tell me your opinion on ..........
• Do you have any particular view on ..?
• In my opinion, ……….………
• I think / believe that…………
• As far as I’m concerned, …....
• Personally, I think………...….
• I would argue that ………...…
• It seems to me that …………
• If you ask, I think……..…..…
• For me, ………………..…….
• To my mind,………..………
• According to me, ………...….
• To the best of my knowledge,..
• As I see it, ……………..……

John: What’s your opinion about the Moroccan educational system?

Me : For me, our educational system isn’t really that effective compared to many other countries.
 Regret

Expressing Regret
• I feel sorry I ….... verb (simple Past) …....
• I regret ….... verb + ing …....
• It’s a pity I ….... verb (simple Past) …....
• I wish I ….... verb (Past perfect) ….... (wishes in the past)
• If only I….... verb (Past perfect) ….... (wishes in the past)
• If I ….... verb (Past perfect) ….... , I would have …… verb (Past
participle)…… ( Conditional type 3)

Examples:
• I feel sorry I didn’t start reviewing my lessons earlier this year.
• I regret not starting reviewing my lessons earlier this year.
• It’s a pity I didn’t start reviewing my lessons earlier this year.
• I wish I had started reviewing my lessons earlier this year.
• If only I had started reviewing my lessons earlier this year.
• If I had started reviewing my lessons earlier, I would have finished by now .
 Defining

Defining concepts
• ……………refers to ………………….
• …………… is …………………………
• …………… means …………………….
• ………….... stands for ………………...
• …………….can be defined as …………
• …………….can be described as ………..

Examples:
• Pollution refers to the contamination of air, water and soil with poisonous materials.
• Pollution is the contamination of air, water and soil with poisonous materials.
• Pollution means the contamination of air, water and soil with poisonous materials.
• Pollution stands for the contamination of air, water and soil with poisonous materials.
• Pollution can be described as the contamination of air, water and soil with poisonous materials.
• Pollution can be defined as the contamination of air, water and soil with poisonous materials.
 Agreement

Agreeing Disagreeing
• I agree with you. • I don’t agree with you.
• Exactly. • That’s not always true.
• I entirely agree with you. • I can’t possibly accept that.
• That’s a good point. • I totally disagree.
• That’s just what I think. • I don’t see it that way.
• I agree with you on this point. • I don’t think so.
• No doubt about it. • Not necessarily.
• That makes sense to me. • I’m afraid, I disagree.
• I share the same view. • I am afraid, I can’t agree with
• That is logical. you
• I can’t agree more. • Sorry, but I am not convinced.
• You are definitely / absolutely right • No way.
• That is not the way I see it.
John: Students nowadays are very lazy and don’t study enough.
You: I don’t agree with you as there many hardworking and smart students everywhere.
 Certainty Vs Uncertainty

Expressing Certainty Expressing Uncertainty

• I am absolutely sure that … • It is possible that ……
• Undoubtedly, …… • It is unlikely that ……
• It’s crystal clear that …. • I am uncertain that ……
• I am positive that …… • I am not sure that …….
• No one can deny that …… • Might
• Certainly, …… • Could
• I am definitely sure that … • Can
• I am sure that …… • May
• Must
John : Which country will win the next world cup?
Smith : It is crystal clear that France will win . They won the last time.
John : I am not sure France will win, the winner must be Argentina because they have
the ,,,,,,,, ,,best player in the world with them.,
 Apologising

Apologising Accepting an apology

• My apologies (for …) • Don't apologize.
• I apologise (for ….) • Never mind.
• I am sorry (for ….) • No harm done.
• Sorry (for ….) • Don't mention it.
• I am terribly / so / very sorry (for ….) • It doesn't matter.
• Please, forgive me (for…) • I quite understand.
• Please accept my apologies (for …..) • Don’t blame yourself for it.
• Excuse me (for ...) • That’s all right
• I must apologize (for...) • It’s okay
• Pardon me (for…)
• I am ashamed (of …)
NB: add for to explain why you are sorry and make sure
it is followed by a verb + ing or a noun

John: I am very sorry for disturbing you my friend.

You : It doesn’t matter, but make sure this will never be repeated again.
 Complaining
Accepting a complaint
Making a complaint
• Oh, I am sorry about that.
• I am sorry to trouble you, but…..…..
• I can’t tell you how sorry I am.
• I am sorry to bother you, but……..…
• I am so sorry, I didn’t realize.
• I want to complain about……..…..… • Oh dear, I am really sorry about that.
• I just don’t know how to say it, but… • Pardon me for this.
• I have been patient long enough, but.. • Please accept my apologies.
• Excuse me if I am out of line, but …. • It is all my fault.
• I have got a bit of problem here, …....
• I am afraid I have to make a
complaint,…………………………..
Declining a complaint
• Excuse me, I am afraid……………..
• Excuse me, there seems to be • Well, I am afraid there is
something wrong with……………... nothing we can do about it.
John: I’m sorry to trouble but my pizza isn’t • Well, I am afraid there isn’t
yet ,,,, ,,,, served. I have been waiting long
enough. much we can do about it.
You : We are really sorry about that, we
will ,,,, ,,,, serve your pizza right now. • Well, I think that was not my fault.
 Expressing Bad News Responding to Bad News
• I’m sorry to hear such terrible news.
• I really feel bad / sad to have to say • My goodness!
this, but…+ the bad news… • I can’t believe it!
• I’m afraid I've got some bad news for • Poor you!
you.+ the bad news… • I do sympathize with you.
• I'm sorry I've got a bit of bad news to • Please, accept mydeepest sympathy.

Good and Bad News

tell you…+ the bad news… • I know how you must be feeling.
• I really don’t know how to say it, but… • That must be awful
+ the bad news… • Oh, dear !

Expressing Good News Responding to Good News

• I'm really pleased to tell you, ... + the • Great news!

good news… • Superb!
• I've got a some good news to tell you, • Lucky you!
…+ the good news… • Oh, how wonderful / fantastic!
• I've got some good / brilliant / great / • Congratulations!
wonderful news,…+ the good news… • Good News!
• Great news for you, ..+ the good news.. • Wow, that sounds exciting !
• That’s great !
 Requests
Accepting a Request
Making a Request
• Sure !
• Can could you ….. + verb…. please? • Sure no problem !
• Of course !
• Will you ….. + verb …… please?
• Yes of course !
• Is it alright if you ... + verb … please? • Certainly !
• With pleasure !
• I wonder if you can ... + verb .… please?
• Yes sure !
• Do you mind ….. + verb + ing … please?
• Do you mind if you ... + verb … please?
• ….. verb +…… for me please? Declining a Request
• Do you think you could ... + verb … please? • I am sorry I can’t!
• Certainly not!
• Of course not!
John: Can I have another pizza please? • I am afraid I can’t!
• No, I can’t!
You : Sure no problem!
 Suggestions
Accepting a Suggestion
Making a Suggestion • That is a good idea!
• It seems great!
• What about going to Marrakech. • Ok, I like that!
• Let’s go to Marrakech. • Why not!
• I suggest going to Marrakech. • Sure I’d love to!
• How about going to Marrakech.
• Why don’t we go to Marrakech? Accepting a Suggestion
• Shall we go to Marrakech? • That is a bad idea!
• Sorry I can’t!
• I’d love to but ……
John: Guys, why don’t we play video games!
• Sorry, I don’t like it!
You : Yeah, why not !
• It is not a good idea
 Invitations
Accepting invitations
Making invitations • Yes, I’d like that!
• Would you like to… ……… • That would be great
Would you like to have lunch with me?
• Sure I’d love to!
• Would you care to……..…
Would you care to have lunch with me? Declining invitations
• I would be happy if you……… • Thanks for the invite but I
I would be happy if you have lunch with me? can’t.
• Sorry I can’t!
• Let’s ………....
• I’m busy this weekend,
Let’s have lunch together.
maybe another time.
John: Let’s watch a film together tonight! • I’d love to but I’ve got other

You : I’d love to but I’ve got other plans. plans.