Drive Test Tutorial

Part III

represented by : 1
Osama Ashraf
Drive Test Required Tools

Drive Test Measured Radio KPIs and Activities

Drive Test Field Problems and Troubleshooting

Drive Test Optimization and Trails

2
Drive Test Optimization and Trails
• Power Allocation:
- Fixed power allocation.
- Dynamic power allocation.
• Carrier Aggregation:
- Configuration Modes.
- CA Management :
 PCC Anchoring.
 Scell Management.
• Channel State Management:
- CQI Reporting Modes.
- CQI Reporting Optimization:
 Aperiodic CQI Reporting.

3
LTE Measurements
• RSRP ( Reference Signal Received Power ) for a certain Cell
o Measurements of all RS in all BW as average
o Ranges -40 to -125 dBm
o RSRP is used to measure the coverage
Freq.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

BW Used Contains Sub Carriers

R

Sub Frame
Time.
LTE Measurements
• RSSI ( Reference Signal Strength Indicator)
o Is the energy in the complete BW
o Not the RS only but all the Power and it include the thermal noise also
o Neighbor Site interference
LTE Measurements
• RSRQ ( Reference Signal Received Quality )
o Similar to EcNo in 3G (we use it to measure the interference)
o Ranges -3 to -20 dB
o RSRQ = n * RSRP (one cell) / RSSI (Power in whole BW for all )
• n is the number of RBs in all the BW

RSRQ
-
-
-
-
-
-
RSRQ low
RSSI High
• RSRP and RSRQ are used for handovers and cell selection and Reselection
• Most operators are now use the RSRP for Mobility instead of RSRQ
o change very Fast
o Traffic Dependent due to the RSSI
o Its is sense of the cell not the User
LTE Measurements
• LTE SINR (Signal interference Noise Ratio)
o Is calculated by the UE (no 3GPP but depend on the vendor)
 S ( Power of the RS and Data)
 I ( Interference Signals form other cells)
 N ( back ground noise and Rx Noise coefficient)

15

I0
CQ

SINR
Drive Test Optimization and Trails
• Power Allocation:
- Fixed power allocation.
- Dynamic power allocation.
• Carrier Aggregation:
- Configuration Modes.
- CA Management :
 PCC Anchoring.
 Scell Management.
• Channel State Management:
- CQI Reporting Modes.
- CQI Reporting Optimization:
 Aperiodic CQI Reporting.

8
DL Power Control
(Power Allocation)
Purpose of Power Control
• Compensate path loss , including shadow fading and multiple path fading
• Reduce interference on the cell edge

You need Cure

Freq Freq
 Downlink Power Allocation
• DL Signals
Synchronization signal
Cell-specific reference signal (CRS)

• Channels ( Traffic ,Control)

Physical broadcast channel (PBCH)
Physical HARQ indicator channel (PHICH)
Physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)
Physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)

• Messages
Random Access Response (RAR) messages
 Downlink power control

• Fixed power allocation

• Dynamic power allocation

• Fixed power allocation
•Set fixed power values based on channel quality to meet the requirements for the downlink cell coverage.
• eNB allocate fixed power to the following signals and channels:
• CRS
• Synchronization signal
• PBCH
• PDCCH that carries common control information
• PDSCH that carries common information

• Dynamic power allocation

•Dynamic power control lowers interference, expands cell capacity, and increases coverage
• This type of power control applies to the following signals and channels:
• RAR messages
• PDCCH carrying dedicated control information
LTE general Frame structure
LTE One Radio Frame 10 ms
Time Slot
0.5 ms

#1 #2 TS # 20

One Sub Frame

1 ms
1 7

7 Symbols

Bits Bits Bits Bits Bits Bits Bits

Number of bits per Symbol depend on Modulation technique

64 QAM
QPSK 16 QAM
6 b/s
2 b/s 4 b/s
 LTE Radio Physical Resource
Resource Element (RE)

1 Sub Carrier( 15 kHz)

Freq.

LTE Symbol (Contain # of bits)

Depend on Modulation

LTE Time Slot

0.5 ms
7 Symbols

1 Recourse Element
1 subcarrier and 1 Symbol Time
LTE Radio Physical Resource
Resource Block (RB)

12 Sub Carrier

Freq.

LTE Time Slot

0.5 ms
7 Symbol

1 Recourse block ( RB ) Time

o 12 Sub Carrier (15 KHz) * 7 Symbols
o 84 Recourse Element
o RB Basic Unit for Transmission of information
LTE Radio Physical Resource
Resource Block (RB) 12 Sub Carrier

Freq.

l o ck l s
e b mbo
s
ur 7 Sy ent
co
e Re rier * elem Bs
On b Car urse ke #R Time Slot
Symbol 2 Su eco Ta 7 Symbols
1 R e r
84 e us 0.5 ms
b On

Time
 Power Allocation
Synchronization Signal
Synchronization Signal
Slot and Frame Synchronization

identify the center of the channel bandwidth in

the frequency domain

Once the UE decoded the Primary and Secondary P-SCH (3 orthogonal Sequence )
504 RSs ( 3 orth. * 168 Random )
Synchronization Signals consequently identified 504 PCI
the Physical layer Cell Identity S-SCH (168 Random Sequence) 504 Physical Cell Identity
Location in time Domain
LTE One Radio Frame 10 ms

#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9

1 Sub Frame
1 ms

Freq.

Time Slot 0.5 ms Time Slot 0.5 ms Time Slot 0.5 ms Time Slot 0.5 ms

System BW
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

S-SCH P-SCH S-SCH P-SCH Time .

• Information of the Synchronization in Sub frame 0 and 5 (every 5 ms)
Location in Frequency Domain
 Cell-specific reference signal (CRS)
Equivalent to the CPICH in UMTS networks or BCCH Channel Level in 2G

Used demodulation, cell selection, cell reselcction and handover

Used in RSRP, RSRQ , SINR & CQI measurements

Timer Domain
o Symbol 0 and 4

Frequency Domain Freq.

The Resource Elements allocated to the cell specific Reference
Signal are dependent upon the PCI.

er
rri
Ca
b
Su
12
Time
LTE Time Slot
0.5 ms
7 Symbol
1 Antenna Port

Freq.
MOD (PCI,6) =0
MOD (PCI,6) =1
MOD (PCI,6) =2
MOD (PCI,6) =3

MOD (PCI,6) =4
Time
1 Port
MOD (PCI,6) =5
 CRS used in Measurements

RSRP

RSRQ
Freq.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
SINR
R
CQI

BW Used Contains Sub Carriers

R

Sub Frame
Time.
 Cell B
Cell A
Mod (PCI , 6) =0
Mod (PCI , 6) =0

Freq.
Freq.
Same Freq. Domain

Time Time
CQI

Modulation
SINR

MCS

Thrpt
SINR Ref. Signal = RSRP (ref. Signal) / Interference on Ref. Signal REs from other Cells
2 Antenna Port
DTX

Freq. Freq.

Port 0 Time Port 1 Time

4 Antenna Port
Reference Signal Configuration
MOD PDSCHCFG:LOCALCELLID=1,REFERENCESIGNALPWR=182;

Type B Symbols  refers to symbol 0 ， 4 where in these symbols both PDSCH and RS are carried

Type A Symbols  refers to symbol 1 ， 2 ， 3 ， 5 ， 6, where in the symbols only PDSCH is carried

B A A A B A A B A A A B A A
Freq. R
R
T
Freq. R
T R
X X

R R
R R
T T
X X
10 MHz

10 MHz
R R
R R
T T
X X

R
R

R
R T
T X
X

7 Symbols 7 Symbols
Time. Port 1 Time.
Port 0
 Type B Type A
Type B  RS & Data Channels Ref. Sig Pwr + PA D 1 RE data Type A Pwr = Ref Sig Pwr . + Pa
Design Coverage based on RS D
D
• Ref. Sign 1 RE data Type B = (Ref Sig. + Pa)* Ratio
D atio D
R
A )* D
Type A  Data Channels +P Ratio based on Pb (0/ 1/ 2/ 3)

12 Subcarrier
Sig D
D ef.
(R D
D
Pa “ offset” D
 -6 dB
D
 -4.77 dB D
 -3 dB D
D
 -1.77 dB
D
 0 dB
 1 dB D
D
 2 dB D
D
 3 dB

MOD CELLDLPCPDSCHPA:LOCALCELLID=3,PAPCOFF=DB_3_P_A;
MOD PDSCHCFG:LOCALCELLID=1,PB=0;
Ref. Sign

Get Max Tx.

Pa Get RE Pwr
Power of cell
for Data
Ex. DSP Cell

Pb Type A & B
D R

D D
40 Watt
D

20 Watt
 (Ref sign Pwr * 2) + ( RE data Pwr B *8 ) * # PRBS = Max TX Power Watt

RE data Pwr B = RE data Pwr A * Ratio

RE data Pwr A = Ref Sig. Pwr + PA

Type B Type A
RE data Pwr B = (Ref Sig. + PA )* Ratio D

D D
(Ref sign Pwr * 2) + (((Ref Sig. + PA )* Ratio )*8 ) * # PRBS = Max TX Power Watt
D D

D
12 Subcarrier

D
D
D
D
D

D
D
D
D
D

D
D
D
D
• L1800 (40 Watt)

ra ge
ve
it Co
Li m

Limit Coverage

Lim
it
Co
ve
ra
ge
 Thanks

represented by : 35
Osama Ashraf