Fuels

11.3 CALCULATIONS INVOLVING FUELS

 Today’s Lesson
 Learning Intentions
 To understand that the mole concept relates mass, moles and molar mass and, with
the Law of Conservation of Mass, can be used to calculate the masses of reactants
and products in a chemical reaction.
 Success Criteria
 To be able to calculate the masses of reactants and products using balanced
chemical reactions.
 Sample Problem 1
 Calculate the mass of carbon in 10.0 kg of propane.
 Determine the relative mass of propane:
 M(C3H8) = 3 x 12.01 + 8 x 1.008 = 44.094 g mol -1
 Calculate the percentage of carbon:
 %(C) = x 100 = 81.712%
 Calculate the mass of carbon in the propane sample:
 x 10.0 = 8.17 kg
 Sample Problem 2
 Calculate the energy released when 4.5 kg of propane is burnt in an unlimited
supply of oxygen. The Hc is -2220 kJ/mol
 Calculate the moles of propane:
 n(C3H8) = = = 102.055 moles
 Calculate the energy released:
 Energy = n x Hc = 102.055 x 2220 = 226561 J = 226 kJ (or 2.26x10 5 J)
 Sample Problem 3a
 The combustion of a sample of butane, C4H10 (lighter fluid), produced 2.46 grams of water.
 2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g)  8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l)
 How many grams of butane burned? How much oxygen was used up in grams?
 Convert known mass to moles:
n (H2O) = m/M = 2.46/(2x1.008+16.00) = 0.13655 moles
 From coefficients determine the moles of butane required:
n moles of butane produced from 0.13655 moles of water
2 moles butane produced from 10 moles water
= 0.027309 moles
 Convert to moles butane to mass of butane:
 m (butane) = n x M = 0.027309 x (4 x 12.01 + 10 x 1.008) = 1.59 g (3 sig fig)
 Sample Problem 3b
 The combustion of a sample of butane, C4H10 (lighter fluid), produced 2.46 grams of water.
 2 C4H10(g) + 13O2(g)  8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l)
 How many grams of butane burned? How much oxygen was used up in grams?
 Convert known mass to moles:
n (H2O) = m/M = 2.46/(2x1.008+16.00) = 0.13655 moles
 From coefficients determine the moles of oxygen produced:
n moles of oxygen produced from 0.13655 moles of water
13 moles oxygen produces 10 moles water
= 0.177515 moles
 Convert to moles oxygen to mass of oxygen:
 m (oxygen) = n x M = 0.177515 x (2 x 16.00) = 5.68 g (3 sig fig)
 Apply your knowledge!

 Read Pearson 11.3

 Complete Questions 1 – 6 (pg
254).
 Worksheet (see SEQTA)