FIRST AID

EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
Garcia, Jacobe
Rance, Jerome
Villoria, Krish Ann
 OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this chapter, the
student will be able to:

1
Discuss the different types of
2
Apply the proper
3
Equip the students with enough
bandaging techniques. guidelines in case of background knowledge in doing first
emergency aid.
QUESTION:
WHAT WILL YOU DO IF YOU SEE AN
ACCIDENT THAT HAPPENS IN A PLACE WHERE
THE HOSPITAL SEEMS SO FAR? DO YOU HAVE
AN IDEA HOW TO ATTEND TO SUCH
EMERGENCY CASES?
WHAT IS FIRST AID?
 FIRST AID
is assistance to give immediate care to a
person with a serious injury, prevent the
condition from worsening, or promote
recovery.
 BANDAGE

IS A PIECE OF MATERIAL USED EITHER

TO SUPPORT A MEDICAL DEVICE SUCH
AS A DRESSING OR SPLINT, OR ON ITS
OWN TO PROVIDE SUPPORT TO OR TO
RESTRICT THE MOVEMENT OF A PART OF
THE BODY.
 BANDAGE

WHEN USED WITH A DRESSING, THE DRESSING IS APPLIED

DIRECTLY ON A WOUND, AND A BANDAGE IS USED TO
HOLD THE DRESSING IN PLACE.
BANDAGING
TECHNIQUES
TRIANGULAR
BANDAGE
 TRIANGULAR BANDAGE

A triangular bandage is usually made of muslin. It can be made

by simply cutting diagonally the 60-inch square of a piece of
cloth, making it into two triangular bandages.
 TRIANGULAR BANDAGE

The longer side of the triangular bandage is called the

base with both comers dubbed as
ends.
OPEN PHASE
BANDAGE
 OPEN PHASE BANDAGE

A. Head - Steps in applying open phase

bandage to the head (Apply when there
is a wound on top of the head and apply
with dressing).
 STEP 1

In applying an open phase bandage for the

head make a hem by folding about 2
inches from the base.
 STEP 2

With the hem positioned on the outside, put the

middle portion of the bandages based on the
forehead just half a finger above the eyebrows,
at the same time allowing the apex to fall over
the head and down over the back head.
 STEP 3

Put the ends of the triangular bandage at

the back of the head of about half of an
inch above the ears crossing them over the
apex and bring it back toward the forehead
and tie it in square knot.
 STEP 4
Firmly hold the compressed portion by a
hand with the other hand pulling down gently
the apex and making the compress snug; then
bring the apex up and tuck it in over and in
the bandage where it should cross at the back
of the head.
 STEP 4
Firmly hold the compressed portion by a
hand with the other hand pulling down gently
the apex and making the compress snug; then
bring the apex up and tuck it in over and in
the bandage where it should cross at the back
of the head.
 OPEN PHASE BANDAGE

B.Chest-Steps in applying open phase

bandage to the chest. (Apply when there
is wound on either right or left chest of
the victim.
 STEP 1

Position the triangular bandage on dressing

of the chest with the apex just below the
armpit.
 STEP 2

Gently pull the apex and the other end of

the bandage passing around the armpit
towards the back of the victim and tie it in
square knot, be sure to leave extra length
for extra tying.
 STEP 3

Extend the other end of the bandage at the

top of the shoulder by tying additional
handkerchief to it in cravat using square
knot.
 STEP 4

Tie the handkerchief to the extra

remaining end of either apex or the end
corner in square knot.
 OPEN PHASE BANDAGE

C. ARMSLING-Steps in applying open

phase arm sling bandage (positioned
below) over the arm at the top of the
shoulder
around the back of the neck over.
 STEP 1

Put the apex of the triangular bandage

below the armpit with the one of the two
(2) ends at the top of the shoulder.
 STEP 2

Bring the lower end of the triangular

bandage (positioned below) over the arm
at the top of the shoulder around the back
of neck over.
 STEP 3

Tie both ends using the square knot and

twist the apex and tuck the corner of the
sling at elbow.
 OPEN PHASE BANDAGE

D. Hand- Steps in making open phase

bandage to the hand. (applied when there
is burned on the hand
 STEP 1

Place the wounded hand in the middle

portion of the triangular bandage; be sure
that the wrist is aligned at the base of the
bandage.
 STEP 1

Also, be sure that the fingers are separated

from each other by inserting absorbent
materials in between fingers, the process
will prevent the fingers from chaffing and
skin irritation
 STEP 2

Cover the fingers by placing the apex on

the top of the hand and tuck the excess
parts of the bandage underneath the
fingers and form pleats on every side of
both ends as illustrated.
USE OF DRESSING
AND BANDAGES
HAVE YOU SEEN OR USED
ANY OF THEM?
Dressing and bandages are both
useful in emergency situations
like fractures, wound, or
bleeding.
It is important to cover the victim's
open wounds with a dressing to
prevent infection by
microorganisms that can cause
tetanus and deep tissue infections.
DRESSING
 DRESSING
A dressing is a special material that is used to
cover a wound (Merriam-Webster, 2015). It is
intended to control bleeding, prevent infection,
absorb blood and wound drainage, and protect
the wound from further injury.
 DRESSING
The following are characteristics of a good
dressing:

• Sterile or at least clean

• Larger than the wound
• Thick, soft, and compressible
• Lint-free
TYPES OF
DRESSING
 GAUZE PAD
Uses:
a. It is used for surgical wounds and comes in sterile packages
of various stages.
b. It can be used for burns or wounds with exudates.
 ADHESIVE STRIP
Uses:
a. It is a combination of sterile dressing, adhesive, and a
bandage in one strip.
b. It is used for a small cuts and abrasions.
 IMPROVISED DRESSING
Uses:
a.It is done by soaking a cloth in boiling water or rubbing alcohol,
then drying afterward or by ironing.
BANDAGE
 BANDAGE
A bandage is a strip of fabric
used to dress and bind up
wounds It should be clean and
sterile.
USES OF
BANDAGE
 BANDAGE
A.To hold the dressing placed
directly over an open wound.
BANDAGE
B. To apply pressure over a
dressing to control bleeding.
BANDAGE
C. To prevent swelling
D. To provide support
TYPES OF
BANDAGE
 ROLLER BANDAGE
Description:
It comes in various widths, lengths and types of material.
 SELF-ADHERING BANDAGE
Description:
It comes as rolls of slightly elastis gauze-like material. It is easy
to use because of its self-adherent quality.It comes in various
widths.
 GAUZE ROLLER
Description:

This is coton, rigid, and nonelastic comes in various widths (1, 2

and 3 inches) and usually 10 yards long.
 ELASTIC BANDAGE
Description:
It comes in various wides used for compression bandages for
sprains, strains, and contusions.
 IMPROVISED BANDAGE
Description:
As an alternative or site bandage, you can use a belt, necktie, or
strips of cloth.
 TRIANGULAR BANDAGE
Description:
This is available commencally or can be made from a 36-to-inch
square preshrink cotton muslin material and-cut diagonally.
PRINCIPLES OF WOUND
DRESSING
 1. Wash hands first.

2. Use a dressing large enough to extend

beyond the wound edges. Place it directly
over the wound.

3. Cover the dressing with a bandage.

THE PARTS OF
TRIANGULAR
BANDAGES
 1. Base-longest side
2. Point-comer opposite the base
3. End- other two comers
TYPES OF
TRIANGULAR
BANDAGES
 Fully Open
It is used to hold the dressing in place and does not apply
sufficient pressure on the wound. It is best used as an arm sling.
 Cravat/Folded Triangular
It is used to hold splints in place for stabilizing an injured arm. It applies
pressure evenly over a dressing and is also used as a binder around the
body of the
victim.
 Cravat/Folded Triangular
It is used to hold splints in place for stabilizing an injured arm. It applies
pressure evenly over a dressing and is also used as a binder around the
body of the
victim.
Cravat/Folded Triangular
1. Fold the point to the center of the base.
 Cravat/Folded Triangular
2 .Fold in half again from the top to the base to form a cravat.
TECHNIQUES IN CARRYING
AND TRANSPORTING THE
VICTIM OF UNINTENTIONAL
INJURIES
ONE- PERSON CARRY
( ANKLE DRAG)
This technique is the fastest method of
transferring moving the injured person to a short
distance over a smooth surface.
 TWO-PERSON CARRY (HUMAN
CRUTCH)
This technique involves two rescuers to carry the victim and
allows the injured person to swing his/her leg using the rescuers
as a pair of crutches
 THREE-PERSON CARRY (HAMMOCK
CARRY)
This technique involves three or more rescuers to get on both
sides of the victim. The strongest member should be on the side
with the fewest rescuers.
 FIRST AID FOR
COMMON
UNINTENTIONAL
INJURIES AND
MEDICAL
EMERGENCIES