ChNPP COOLING POND UNDER

DECOMMISSIONING

SSE Chernobyl NPP

Fedor Lanskikh
Leading Engineer
lanskih@chnpp.gov.ua
+38-066-100-29-00
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Commissioning:
First stage – 1976
Second stage - 1983

Design parameters
Design water level 111 mBES
Area 22.9 km2
Water volume 150 mln. m3
Length 11.4 km
Average width 2.2 km
Average depth 6.6 m
Deepest water 21 m
Length of enclosing dam 21.6 km
Filtration loss 70-100 mln. m3/year

Water table above the Pripyat river 6 – 7 m

Water inflow from Pripyat river 130 mln. m3/year

before
2008 1976
Cost of water level maintenance was:
about 5 mln UAH/year
 3

Sr-90 ~ 54 TBq Cs-137 ~ 260 TBq

Estimation of the bottom sediments total activity

 4

The state of the cooling pond was studied since 1986 by different scientific
organizations and institutes within the international projects:
 TACIS program;
 Program “Improving the Safety of Soviet-Designed Nuclear Power Plants”;
 and many others

Based on the CP status investigation results in 2005-2006 pre-design evaluations of

possible strategies have been carried out and a decision has been made to develop a
feasibility study for the cooling pond decommissioning.
Development of the Design documentation "Feasibility Study, EIA, REMP, etc." was
developed with IAEA involvement taking into account international experience in similar
problems solving:
 Remediation Process …, Safety Guide No.WS-G-3.1 (2007);
 Release of sites ..., Guideline No.WS-G-5.1 (2006);
 Guidelines for Remediation Strategies …, TRS No.475;
 Remediation of Areas Contaminated …, Safety Requirements No.WS-R-3 (2006)
 and others.

It is expected that TECDOC will be completed in the near future based on the results of
the joint work (ChNPP, IAEA, Ukrainian and foreign scientists and experts) taking into
account the existing experience
 5

FS, EIR and Monitoring Program Alternative source of industrial water

(developed in 2013 ) (design was completed in 2014)

In 2014 positive conclusions of the State Regulatory body of Ukraine were obtained.
Preparation for radiation ecological monitoring program implementation:
organizational measures;
procurement of equipment, contracts awarding;
fulfillment of other conditions ...
(completed in 2016)
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DESIGN SCHEDULE OF ChNPP COOLING POND WATER
LEVEL LOWERING PROPOSED IN FEASIBILITY STUDY
Controlled water level lowering with remediation measures implementation, if necessary

Uncontrolled water lowering due to the natural filtration and evaporation

 7
BEGINNING OF WATER LEVEL LOWERING IN CHNPP
COOLING POND

20.10.2014
level 110 mBES

29.08.2016
Level 106.5 mBES

During 680 days the level decreased by 3.5 m

 8

Forecast of water level lowering

Level
Level110.5
106.0mBES
mBES
 9

ПК-34
105.74 mBES

ГТС
105.73 mBES

ПК-94
104.83 mBES
ПК-216
105.78 mBES

ПК-120
104.82 mBES

Water levels as of September 27, 2017

10
 11
RESULTS OF ADDITIONAL COOLING POND RADIATION MONITORING
DURING 2015-2016
Maximum values of Cs137 137
, Sr9090volume activity in the
Maximum values of
Maximum Cs и Sr of
values volume
EDR activity in the
Maximum values of
airvolume activity
environment of α -, β –LLN
ПК-5 БНС-3 cooling
2015 - pondµSv/h
2016, water
mixture in the air at adjacent
2015 - 2016, Bq/m territory
3 along the
2015 - 2016, kBq/m3
ChNPP cooling pond shore side 2015 - 2016, Bq/m3
ГТС ГТС 0.00081
ПК-5
3.4 5.0 Cs137
ГТС
БНС-3
ГТС 0.00087
0.0043 CL,
Cs БНС-3
137
3.5 1.4 Sr90
ПК-146 0.00077 0.95
CL, Bq/m3
Dried area
БНС-3 0.0026
Control level,
15.0 µSv/h
ПК-215 α-LLN ПК-146 4.2 2.3 Cs1373
ПК-215 0.00082 0.2 Bq/m
ПК-146
БНС-3 0.0035
ГТС ПК-215
8.4 0.000523.2 Sr90
ПК-215 0.0037
БНС-3 1.9 0.00061
ПК-5 4.5 Cs137
ГТС 0.044 CL,
ПК-146 Sr90
ПК-146 0.00052 0.3 Bq/m 3
7.3
БНС-3 Sr 90
БНС-3 0.0421.8 CL,
Adjacent area Control level,
ПК-215 β- LLN 0.00055 7.5 µSv/h
4.0
ПК-146 1.7 12.0 Cs137 3
Bq/m
ПК-146 0.024
ПК-146 Measurements
ПК-215 were carried out for the combined weekly
samples once a month
6.2
ПК-215 Sr90
ПК-215 0.0272.6
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ПК-34

ГТС

ПК-94
ПК-216

ПК-120
 13

Comparison
Comparison of MAX EDR
EDR values outside the CP
Comparison ofof
MAXMAXvalues values
of volume of radioactive
activity в in Zimovishche
substancesterritories,
fallout μSv/h Bq/m3 3
density,
surface layer of the atmosphere, Bq/m
November
December 2016 - -August
20162016 July 2017 and 2008-2013
December - J2017
and and 2008-2013
2008-2013 BNS-3
BNS-3
(according to SSE “Ecocenter” data ) Fire station
AB-1
AB-1
Cs-137 fallout
Placeof
Place of Monitorin VA, МахCL8-13, Мах 2008-2013,
TRC 2008-13,
Мах No.2, Outlet channel
density, Bq/(m2 х EDR,
Place of monitoring µSv/h 2 CL,
3 µSv/h
monitoring
monitoring g Bq/m3 БBq(m
VA, Bq/m
х day) Bq/m
Bq/(m 32
µSv/hх day)
day).

BNS-3 5.9E-04 3.2E-03

AB-1 0.568 1.4 1.34 ISF-2
ISF-2
BNS-3 1.10 8.5 23.65
Zimovishche 2.7E-04 7.5E-04
ISF-2 0.3011.0 E-02 0.55 0.38
Staroselye Cs-137 2.2E-04 3.4E-04 Staroselye
Zimovishche
Outlet channel 0.17 0.484 0.89 1.1 4.17
1.1 Kopachi
Kopachi 5.6E-04 6.7E-04

Fire station
Chernobyl 2.3E-04*2.0258.0 E-05 4.8 2.58
2.2E-04
Staroselye 0.23 4.9 8.18
BNS-3
On-shore pumping station-3 1.1E-042.271 5 2.2E-04
2.72
Zimovishche 2.1E-05 2.7E-05
Kopachi Kopachi 0.40 0.99 3.0E-03
9.2 1.9 1.06
11.70
Staroselye Sr-90 4.5E-05 8.9E-05
Staroselye 0.232 0.46 0.32
Kopachi 3.5E-05 8.5E-05
Chernobyl 0.22 5.6 10.60
Control points
Zimovistche 0.962 2.1 1.18 Chernobyl
Chernobyl 3.7E-05 4.0E-05 6.2E-05
 14

Maximum
Maximum values
Maximum
values of radioactive
of EDR values substances
outside the CP areas
of volume activity
fallout
indensity
the surface
November 2016 - August 2017 layer
November
December20162016
- August
- July 2017
2017
ГТС base
CL TRC No.1TRC
TRC No.2
Place of of monitoring
Place VA, EDR, CL, µSv/h
No.1,
Monitoring VA, VA, VA,
monitoring Bq/m3 µSv/h µSv/h АК
Bq/m3 Bq/m3 Bq/m3 АК
TRC No.1, TRC No.2, ЦПА
Place of Monitorin Fallout density, ОМТС
ПК 215 9.0E-04 Bq/(m 2
х
8.15E-04 Bq/(m 2
2.49E-03х
monitoring g Bq/(m2 х day.
day) day)
ПК 146 ПК 215 Cs-137 8.7E-04 9.5E-01 9.56E-04 6.8
1.76E-03
ГТС base 9.7E-04 9.35E-04 2.61E-03
АКПКЦПА ПК-215
215 3.5E-0312.00 13.82
6.61E-03 55.72
6.62E-03
“Island"
ПК 146ПКAlpha
146 Cs-137
LLN
2.0
6.60*
2.0E-01
7.53.97 3.6
16.25
АК ОМТС
ГТС base 4.7E-03 3.30 4.8E-03
22.52 4.81E-03
64.42
“Island"

ПК
ПК 215
215 5.1E-04 2.70 9.12
5.18E-04 36.90
1.69E-03
ГТС base 6.5
ПКПК146
146 Sr-90
Sr-90 4.9E-04 0.90
3.0E-01 4.82E-04
1.1 6.18E-04
3.13
ГТС base 5.5E-04 5.68E-04 1.74E-03
ГТС base 0.96 9.92 37.7
АК ЦПА
3.6E-02 4.6E-02 4.65E-02
“Island"
Beta LLN 1.2E+01
АК ОМТС ПК-146
2.3E-02 3.4E-02 3.47E-02 Monitoring
“Island"
wells
 15

Groundwater levels and radiation status in SSE “Ecocenter” wells

(07.2016 – 08.2017)
ПК-32

Volume activity ПК-14

Groundwater levels,
Place of monitoring mBES
Cs-137, Bq/m3 Sr-90, Bq/m3 Am-241, Bq/m3

from to from to from to from to

ПК-14: wells 1б, 1а, 1, 2б,
103.85 105.4 30 160 530 14000 0.07 0.67
2а, 2, 3б, 3а, 3 ПК-64

ПК-32: well 64 103.57 52 1100 1400 0.19

ПК-64: wells 92/1, 92/2 104.41 105.25 110 1200 950 1200 0.33 1 .6

ПК-104: wells 2б, 2а, 2,

104.18 104.34 15 75 800 3400 0.14 0.46
3б, 3а, 3

ПК-113: wells 151/3П1, ПК-104

103.7 103.83 25 6200 980 3400 0 .1 0.34
151/3П2, 151/3П3

ПК-113
ПК-113: wells 151/1К,
104.15 104.56 50 820 800 860 0.16 1.4
151/3К
ПК-122
ПК-122: wells 122/1,
105.19 105.25 19 1800 760 1500 0.01 0.19
122/2, 122/3
ПК-127
ПК-127: wells 127/1,
102.8 102.92 12 1100 300 1300 0.09 0.29
127/2, 127/3
 16

ChNPP С-19

С-22А,Б С-20

С-23А,Б
2.02 m
С-25
С-27
1.25 m С-26
1.59 m

The difference in mean values of

groundwater levels in 2013 and 2017
was
 17
Conclusion based on the results and forecasts
In compliance with forecasts stated in FS
1. Decreasing in cooling pond water level is in compliance with the forecasts for the "scenario for dry
years with low precipitation”.
2. Decreasing in cooling pond water level led to redistribution of groundwater filtration directions and
groundwater level lowering at ChNPP site.

Partially in compliance with forecasts stated in FS

1. The maximum values of Sr-90 specific activity in the cooling pond water are estimated in 43-73Bq/L
after 20-30 years upon the water level lowering (depending on the fuel particles dissolution rate). At
the moment, the specific activity of Sr-90 is up to 2.7 Bq/L in the central part of water bodies and up
to 8.4 Bq/L at the shoreline.
2. At the most part of the drained areas dense vegetation development is observed within 2 years,
except for the strip with washed sands along the pond’s perimeter with a width of 30-100 m.
According to forecasts, such scale vegetation development was estimated within up 30 years.

3. Concerns about "suffocation phenomena" and sharp worsening of water quality under uncontrolled
water level lowering within the first 2 years were misplaced, however, during the summer of 2017, the
ecological balance was unstable in formation of the ChNPP cooling pond water environment quality -
more detailed assessments are made by IHB.

4. At the most part of the surveyed drained cooling pond sections the maximum EDR values do not
exceed 5 μSv/h and are within 2 μSv/h except for some sections in the northern part of the cooling
pond – more in detail will be presented by RS representative.
Not in compliance with forecasts stated in Feasibility Study
1. The values of the Cs-137 and Sr-90 volume activity in the surface air layer are below those recorded
before the beginning of water level lowering
(additional forecasted increasing is not observed)
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Radiation and ecological status

Based on the results of radiation monitoring:

- During drainage of the cooling pond territory radiation
situation at the adjacent territories is not worsened.

Based on the results of hydrobiological observations:

- There are no violations of the sanitary and ecological
situation.
Criteria of ChNPP CP decommissioning 19

completion
 20
COOLING POND AFTER DECOMMISSIONING

Necessity for further monitoring of the radiation-

ecological status and activities in this territory will
be determined after completion of the cooling pond
decommissioning activity
Thank you for your attention!