RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

FUNCTION OF RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
• THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM’S MAIN JOB IS
TO MOVE FRESH AIR INTO YOUR BODY
WHILE REMOVING WASTE GASES. ONCE IN
THE BLOODSTREAM AND CARRIED
THROUGH YOUR BODY. AT EACH CELL IN
YOUR BODY, OXYGEN IS EXCHANGED FOR A
WATE GAS CALLED CARBON DIOXIDE.
 BASIC PARTS OF THE LUNGS
• TRACHEA
- YOUR TRACHEA OR WINDPIPE IS ONE PART OF YOUR AIRWAY SYSTEM. AIRWAYS ARE PIPES
THAT CARRY OXYGEN-RICH AIR TO YOUR LUNGS, ALSO CARRY CO2, A WASTE GAS OUT OF
YOUR LUNGS.
• BRONCHIAL TUBES
- THESE TUBES LETS AIR IN AND OUT OF YOUR LUNGS SO YOU CAN BREATH
• BRONCHIOLES
- THE BRONCHI CARRY AIR INTO YOUR LUNGS. AT THE END OF THE BRONCHI, THE
BRONCHIOLES CARRY AIR TO SMALL SACS IN YOUR LUNGS CALLED ALVEOLI. ALVEOLI
PERFORMS GAS EXCHANGE IN YOUR BODY.
• BRONCHI
- BRONCHUS CARRY AIR TO AND FROM YOUR LUNGS. THE BRONCHI ALSO HELPS MOISTURIZE
THE AIR YOU BREATH AND SCREEN OUT FOREIGN PARTICLES.
AIR FLOW IN AND OUT OF YOUR LUNGS
• THE PROCESS OF AIR
FLOWING INTO THE LUNGS
DURING INSPIRATION
(INHALATION) AND OUT OF
THE LUNGS DURING
EXPIRATION (EXHALATION).
AIR FLOWS BECAUSE OF
PRESSURE DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE
AND THE GASES INSIDE THE
LUNGS.
 FUNCTION OF TRACHEA AND ALVIOLE
• TRACHEA
- THE TRACHEA SERVES AS PASSAGE FOR AIR,
MOISTENS AND WARMS IT WHILE IT PASSES
INTO THE LUNGS, PROTECTS THE
RESPIRATORY SURFACE FROM AN
ACCUMULATION OF FOREIGN PARTICLES. THE
TRACHEA IS LINED WITH A MOIST MUCOUS-
MEMBRANE LAYER COMPOSED OF CELLS
CONTAINING SMALL HAIRLIKE PROJECTIONS
CALLED CILIA.

• ALVEOLI
- ALTHOUGH TINY, THE ALVEOLI ARE THE
CENTER OF YOUR RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM’S GAS EXCHANGE. THE ALVEOLI
PICK UP THE INCOMING ENERGY
(OXYGEN) YOU BREATHE IN AND
RELEASE THE OUTGOING WASTE
PRODUCT (CARBON DIOXIDE) YOU
EXHALE.
 MECHANISMS OF BREATHING
Inhalation:
• During inhalation process, the diaphragm
contracts and moves down. The ribcage moves
upwards and outwards and expands.
• This results in increasing the volume of the chest
cavity and reduces the pressure inside it as
volume is inversely proportional to pressure.
• When the pressure inside the lungs reduces then
the air from outside rushes into the lungs.

Exhalation:
• During exhalation process, the diaphragm relaxes
as it moves up and returns to its normal dome
shape. The ribcage also returns to its normal
position.
• This reduces the volume of the chest cavity, which
in turn increases the pressure inside it. And thus
air is expelled out.