Objectives:

Know acids are hydrogen ion donating and bases are hydrogen ion
accepting substances.
Know strong acids and bases fully dissociate and weak acids and bases
partially dissociate. Know how to use pH scale to characterize acid and
base solutions.
Know the Arrhenius , Bronsted – Lowry , and Lewis acid – base
definitions.
Conduct electricity when dissolved in water

Neutralization reaction
CH3COOH is also monobasic
How can we indicate if a substance is an acid
or a base ?
By using indicators

Indicators are substances that change color at certain PH , they give

one color in an acid and different color in a base
The pH scale is a way of expressing
the strength of acids and bases.
Instead of using very small numbers,
we just use the NEGATIVE power of
10 on the Molarity of the H+ (or OH-)
ion.

Under 7 = acid
7 = neutral
Over 7 = base
pH of Common Substances
Indicators
such as:
1- litmus paper
2- phenolphthalein
3- methyl orange
4- universal indicator paper
5- PH-meter
1. Litmus paper
• Indicates if a substance is an acid or a base.
*Blue Litmus paper in acidic → Red

*Red Litmus paper in basic state → blue

2. Phenolphthalein
• It is a chemical compound, it turns colorless in acidic solutions and
pink in basic solutions.
3.Methyl orange

• In an acid it is reddish and in alkali it is yellow.

4. Universal indicator paper
• We can measure the PH by using universal indicator paper.
• This is a mixture of dyes and numerical measurement of a substance if
it′s acidic , basic or neutral .
5. pH meter

• A pH meter is an electronic device used for measuring the pH

(acidity or alkalinity) of a liquid.
pH meter
• A typical pH meter consists of a special measuring probe (a glass electrode) connected to an
electronic meter that measures and displays the pH reading.

• Provides a more accurate measure of pH.