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Presentation RR
Presentation RR
Two basic approaches are of relevance in this case, preventive and curative
measures.
Preventive measures are taken to prevent the emergence of squatter settlements.
On the other hand where the squatter settlement had evolved with its attendant
problems, appropriate curative measures are undertaken.
To this effect Regulation No.1 of 2000,
Regulation No.2 of 2010 and
Directive No.17 of 2014 were promulgated by the City Government.
These regulations stressed that squatter settlements affect the growth and
development of Addis Ababa and have diverse effects up on the growth of the city
in general and master plan of the city, squatters, and residents of the city in
particular. Directive No.17 of 2014 is implemented only for almost half a year.
Assignment 2
objectives achievements and challenges of
Regulation Number 1 of 2000 and Regulation Number 2 of 2010
Chapter Four: Redevelopment
4.1. Redevelopment of Slum Areas
In summary, urban renewal used interchangeably with urban regeneration aims
at improving the physical, social-economic and ecological aspects of urban areas
through various actions including redevelopment, rehabilitation, and heritage
preservation.
Redevelopment planning is a sphere whereby the present capacity of an urban
area and the opportunities in the near future are studied and proper project
planning is suggested.
It is part and parcel of the urban upgrading study.
In redevelopment planning the main issue is how to balance what an urban
area could gain in total with the loss that individual members of society may
incur as a result of redevelopment
include all possible costs and benefits at individual and urban level
Land pooling has proved to be a good tool to redevelop urban areas in countries
where land is privately owned
In redevelopment planning due consideration must be given to
compensation and rehabilitation of former land users
Proper rehabilitation programmes should be designed and implemented
Expropriation, compensation, relocation, and rehabilitation measures should
consider appropriate policies and regulations pertinent to the issues.
Urban redevelopment planning should consider at least the following
Criteria.
1. The potential of the area is higher than its current use (rent gap theory),
2. An area is blighted, i.e. buildings are unsafe and/or unsanitary to occupy;
inadequate or overcrowded condition, lacking proper ventilation, open space
3. That the level of blight is beyond repair
4. That there is serious lack of public facilities, and there is no land for the
development of such functions at appropriate locations,
5. That the redevelopment could be carried out with minimum relocation
of current inhabitants,
Issues considered for NDP site selection criteria
During need assessment the NDP site should selected based on the criteria like:
Development potential of the area
The surrounding development pressure
Weather the area is dilapidated/slum or not
Applicability/feasibility of the project
The ongoing development projects in the neighborhood
Location ( on and around CBD, Centre and sub centre ...)
Infrastructure facilities
Under Utilization of resource
Environmental Risk area
4.2. Approaches to Slum Redevelopment
Negligence: This approach predominated in most developing countries until the early
1970s. It is based on two basic assumptions: slums are illegal, and slums are an
unavoidable but temporary phenomenon (mostly linked with accelerated rural–urban
migration) that can be overcome by economic development in both urban and rural areas.
Eviction This was a common response to the development of slums during the
1970s and 1980s, particularly in political environments predominated by centralized
decision-making, weak local governance and administration, non-democratic urban
management, non recognition of civil society movements and lack of legal protection
against forced evictions
some governments opted for a repressive option with a combination of various forms
of harassment and pressure on slum communities, leading to selective or mass eviction
of slum dwellers. Negotiations with slum dwellers were rare
Self-help and in situ upgrading: This approach stemmed from the late 1970s,
recognizing slums as a durable structural phenomenon that required appropriate responses
Self-help and upgrading policies tend to focus on three main areas of concern:
1. Provision of basic urban services.
2. Provision of secure tenure for slum dwellers.
3. Innovative access to credit
slum upgrading appeared to be considerably cheaper than other alternatives
Enabling policies
the need to involve slum dwellers not only in the construction processes of
slum improvement, but also in the decision-making and design processes that
establish priorities for action and support for implementation
Resettlement: Resettlement has been associated with virtually all types of
approaches to slums. It embraces a wide range of strategies, though all are
based on perceptions of enhancing the use of the land and property upon which
slums are located or housed. At best, relocation is undertaken with the
agreement and cooperation of the slum households involved
At worst, resettlement is little better than forced eviction with no attempt at
consultation or consideration of the social and economic consequences of
moving people to distant, often peripheral, sites with no access to urban
infrastructure, services or transport.
Broadly, there has been a recognition that effective approaches must go
beyond addressing the specific problems of slums – whether they are
inadequate housing, infrastructure or services – and must deal with the underlying
causes of urban poverty.
Current best practice: participatory slum improvement:
4.2.1. The range of actors dealing with slums
International, multilateral and bilateral agencies : International financial institutions
(IFIs) ,Organizations and programmes of the United Nations system
Networks: International associations and networks Professional associations, Foundations,
associations, and national and international NGOs.
National and local bodies: National private-sector actors, Central government entities,
Sub-national entities
4.2.2. Constituting of Slum Redevelopment Body
I. Steering committee (10-12): City mayor/ Municipal manager, /sub city manager / woreda
administrator, Heads Utility providers (water, telecom, power, road) , Planning unit(Institute)
Roles and responsibilities
Provides directions, Pass political decision related to the project,
Provides administrative support, Leads and endorse related final decision
II. Technical Committee : Urban Planning department - chair, Land management, -
member , Utility providers (as may be necessary)-member, Plan Monitoring & Evaluation
Department/Unit –members
Roles and responsibility
Responsible for the preparation and provision of comments on the TOR
Provision of technical support throughout plan preparation and implementation
process
III. Representative Forum: Comprises of members of the communities and all
stakeholders the NDP site , Chaired by manager (city, sub city, woreda/kebele
administrator , All disadvantage/affected groups should be represented
Roles and responsibility
Reflect the interest of their respective constituents
Provide information to the planning team on problems of the NDP site.
Take part in the identification of major planning issues
Take part during plan preparation and implementation process
IV. City/sub city / woreda Council
Roles and Responsibilities
Plan approval
Evaluate performance report of plan implementation and provides feedback
4.2.3. Undertaking the Survey of Slum Settlements
BASE MAP PREPARTATION AND UPDATING
4.1. Purpose
The purpose is to update or prepare base map that shows the existing manmade and natural
features of the NDP areas.
Task 4.1.1: Reconnaissance survey/ fact-finding mission
Activity 1: Organize surveying team
Activity 2: Conduct field observation
Activity 3: Writing up field report
Task 4.1.2: Identification of appropriate technology for the preparation of base map
Activity 1: Select the most appropriate and up-to-date technology
Activity 2: Check the selected technology for its accuracy
Activity 3: Produce report with regard to the selected technology
Task 4.1.3: Preparation of base map
Activity 1: Organizing and deploying surveying team
Activity 2: Updating or conducting of surveying works
Activity 3: Checking the quality of surveyed data
Task 4.1.4: Cartographic production
Activity 1: Preparation of base map with appropriate scale
Activity 2: Verify the quality of the map
4.2. Major Deliverables / Outputs
Base map of the NDP site indicating different spatial features at a scale of 1:500 to
1:2000 as per the complexity and topographic features of the NDP site.
4.3.Responsible Body
Municipality / sub city or woreda/kebele offices
Urban Planning units
Base map preparation crew
Land management bureau/office/Land & property registration Agency
4.4.Time Requirement – 30 days
Verification of Base map
Quality of base maps should be checked rigorously
Checking the alignment of GCP in relation the national coordinate system
Check the resolution of image in relation acceptable standards
Detail and contents of the features located in the base map
Cartographic quality of the base map
Map verification could be conducted in two ways
Make in-house checking and
on site checking as deemed necessary
4.2.4. Assessing Land and Housing Requirements
4.2.4.1. DATA COLLECTION AND COMPILATION
4.2.4.2. Purpose
The purpose of this task is to gather the necessary data and then compile them in ways that
help to analyses and interpret data.
2.2.4.3. Major Tasks and Activities
Task: Determining Data Collection Tools
Activity 1: Determine the type of data to be collected
Activity 2: Determine the source and method of data collection
Primary data:
Secondary data
A. Data Collection at NDP Influence Area
Activity 1: Identification of Influence Area
Activity 2: Collect data on Linkages of the influence areas
i. Collect data on service
ii. Collect data on Economic matters
iii. Collect data on Transport and mobility
iv. Collect data on Tourism and heritage
v. Waste management
vi. Recreational areas
B. Data Collection of the NDP area
Activity 1: Collect Data Related to Demographic and Social Development Issues
i. Collect data on demographic aspects
ii. Population Characteristics (census study )
iii. Educational Service
iv. Health Service
v. Housing
vi. Recreation ( social aspect)
vii. Worship Places and Cemeteries
viii.Collect Data on Social Problems
Activity 3: Collect Data Related on Economic Aspects
ix. Employment status of the site
x. Micro and Small Enterprise (MSEs)
xi. Informal sector
xii. Income level by source
xiii.Tourism
xiv. Market Places
xv. Urban Agriculture
xvi.Municipal Capacity (Human, Material and Financial)
Activity 4: Collect Data on Physical and Topographic Aspects
i. Collect data on physical features of the project
ii. Collect data on public utilities
Activity 5: Collect Data on Environmental Issue
iii. Solid waste
iv. Liquid Wastes
v. Urban Greenery
vi. Environmental pollution
NOTE; depending on the nature of the project EIA study shall be needed
wherever necessary.
Activity 6 Collect Geological and Hydrological Data
vii. Geological Structure
viii. Environmental risks
Activity 7 Collect data on Transport and mobility
ix. Collect data on the road system and transport network facilities
Activity Collect data Urban Good Governance
x. Collect data on Participation
xi. Collect data on level of transparency & accountability of city administration on the
various agendas of the city
xii. Collect data on rule of law
xiii. Collect data on proactiveness and responsiveness
v. Collect data on efficiency and effectiveness
vi. Collect data on Equity and inclusiveness
NB: - Data collection on governance issues should rely on written documents as
well as through consultative discussions and interviews with stakeholder, individual
citizens, municipal officials, municipal experts, sector offices, investors, etc.
During collection and analysis of data on governance issues pay due attention to women,
the youth, disadvantage groups, marginalized groups, etc.
Activity: Collect Data Related to Spatial Aspects
vii. Collect data on land use
A. Conduct inventory on residential areas
B. Conduct inventory on land under administration use
C. Conduct inventory on Commerce, Business and Trade activities
D. Conduct inventory on services
E. Conduct Inventory on Manufacturing and Storage
F. Conduct inventory on Transport
G. Conduct inventory on Recreational and Environmentally protected areas
H Conduct inventory on Urban Agriculture
I. Conduct inventory on special function
Zones of Restriction
Zones of Protection
Task: Data Compilation and Reconciliation
After collecting data, it has to be organized and compiled systematically for analysis. To
this effect the complexity of data will be reduced or condensed by organizing, classifying,
encoding and tabulating spatial and non-spatial data so as to organize the data in a
suitable and manageable manner
Categorizing collected data thematically
The variables of the data will be given code;
Data entry will be made using SPSS, GIS and other software;
Transcribing recorded interviews and focus group discussions and organize them
systematically.
Activity 1: Reconcile the data
Activity 2: Compile the data
Major Deliverables
Data Collection Formats
Maps containing existing Physical and Spatial features
Compiled Socio-Economic, Physical, Geological, Environmental and Spatial data
Responsible Body
The project team
Time Requirement – 45days
Task: Identify issues to be analyzed and interpret under each thematic area
Activity 1: Analyze data collected on all thematic areas described under data collection
phase.
Task: Conduct SWOT Analysis
NB:-Problem prioritization and project design of the identified issues should be prepared by
the client at the beginning of the implementation phase of the NDP
Problem prioritization may be possible depending on the type of the NDP (upgrading or
special project)
Task: Identification of Problems/planning issues
Activity1: Prepare steps for identification of planning issues
Major Deliverables
Facts and figures extracted from all thematic areas,
Identified problems and planning issues
A consolidated Report on the Result of Analysis
Responsible Body
1. The planning team
Time Requirement – 20days
4.2.4.4. SETTING VISION AND PREPARATION OF CONCEPT PLAN
4.2.4.4.1. Purpose
The purpose of this phase is to set vision of the given NDP site in consultation with
all stakeholders so as to direct attitudes and efforts towards the prescribed vision.
And to develop conceptual frame work which leads to the preparation of the proposal
4.2.4.4.2. Major Tasks and Activities
Task: Formulation of vision
Vision could be defined as a statement of the desired time frame of the development
aspiration of the given NDP site based on opportunities and comparative advantages related
to its specific conditions. The purpose of setting vision is therefore to inspire, focus
the attention and thereby mobilize citizens’ and all stakeholders’ effort towards the
attainment of the desired interest in the foreseeable future.
Activity 1: Setting vision
Task: Formulation of goals
Goals are broad objectives or general statements that are not easily quantified and measured.
For that reason, goals are translated in to measurable objectives that can be prioritized and
pursued.
Activity 1: Formulation of goals
Task: Formulation of Objectives
Objectives are what the NDP site wants to achieve during a specified period of
time. The purpose of setting objectives is to provide direction during the planning and
implementation process.
Activity 1: Formulation of Objectives
Task: Preparation of Concept plan
Activity 1: Consider all planning theories, principles and existing situations
Task: Develop alternative scenarios
Task: Conduct discussion with stakeholders on the given scenarios and arrive
at Consensus
Major Deliverables
Formulated:
Vision Statement
Goals
Objectives to attain each goal
Draft conceptual framework maps at appropriate scales with explanatory text
Final conceptual framework map at an appropriate scale with explanatory text
Responsible Body
The steering committee and public forum for setting vision
The steering committee , technical committee, Planning team, and experts from
the relevant sector offices for setting goals and objectives
Time Requirement— 7 days
4.2.4.5. DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSALS
4.2.4.5.1. PURPOSE
The purpose of this Phase is to integrate different components from different thematic areas
of the NDP study in a way that feeds and complements with each other.
4.2.4.5.2. Major Tasks and Activities
Task: Preparation of non –spatial draft proposal
Activity 1: write up non-spatial reports that complements graphic documents
NB: All professionals engaged in the study will produce draft proposal reports on
their respective thematic areas which eventually be compiled together.
Task: Preparation of Spatial draft proposals
Activity 2: Prepare Storm Water Drainage Proposal
Activity 3: Prepare Draft Utility Proposals (Telecom, power, Sewer, Water Supply, Traffic
Light, etc)
Activity 4: Prepare Draft Transport and Mobility Plans
Activity 5: Check the proposed land use and road networks against standards and planning
principles (shape, compatibility, balanced development, distribution of services, etc.)
Activity 6: Check the draft land use plan for its harmony and compatibility
Task: Discussion on the draft proposals (graphics and reports)
Task: Finalizing the proposal based on inputs gained from stakeholders
NB: - All proposals should have harmony and consistency among the various
thematic studies; All proposals shall be submitted to the spatial planner through submission
format
Tip: Considerations to be made during Stakeholder Participation
All discussion forums that should be conducted at various stages of the planning process
shall be recorded in minute format along with names and signatures of attendants.
Moreover, it should also be recorded using video recordings or through photographing.
Remember that public and stakeholder participation should be made at each phase
of the planning process
Deliverables
Reports from various thematic studies - Green network map
Draft spatial proposals - Street network map
Drainage and utility line map - Land use map
Transport and mobility map - Urban design
Regulation map (comprising of height, BAR, FAR, set-back, etc.)
Maps for environmentally sensitive areas, special function areas, etc
Responsible body
Planning team
Technical committee
Steering Committee
Public forum
Time Requirement — 21 days
4.2.5. Drawing a phased Development Plan
4.2.5.1. Preparation of Implementation Strategy
4.2.5.1.1. Purpose
This phase is aimed at providing a general direction and mechanism of implementation of
the proposed NDP during the planning period
4.2.5.1.2. Major Tasks and Activities
Task: Assess the capacity of municipal/local administration
Task : Phasing and budgeting of prioritized issue
Tips: - To decide the intervention type of NDP site.
NDP can be either renewal or up-grading.
Renewal is total clearance of all built up structures in the site and redesigning the area for
future development. On the other hand
Up-grading is designing of a site by improving basic infrastructure and reserving
some existing structures that are at good condition.
Based on the above criteria:- Renewal is applied when(if):
Majorities (more than 70%) of the housing units are deteriorated and they lack
housing related facilities.
Majority (more than 50%) of the housing units are owned by government.
The site lack basic infrastructure (street network, utilities and social services).
Up-grading applied when(if): The site has some basic infrastructure but they need
improvement and provision of additional infrastructure that are listed as shortage
Majority (more than 70%) of the housing units and built up structures need
reservation(because of being at good condition)
Majority of the housing units are owned by private
4.2.6. Developing a Process for Undertaking Redevelopment
4.2.6.1. Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation
4.2.6.1.1. Purpose
The purpose of Monitoring and Evaluation of NDP preparation, Implementation is:
Monitoring and evaluation need to be built into the plan as management tools to keep
track of the NDP preparation and measure implementation process.
To prepare detailed action plan and thereby proceed into practical preparation and
implementation activity.
It serves the purpose of timely identification of problems, in Plan preparation and
implementation.
Providing regular information and feedbacks to decision makers, potential funding
agencies and local stakeholders to convince them that a Plan has or will deliver
benefits to the community.
To help undertake corrective measures in case of deviations from standards, laws,
established rules, regulations and working procedures, etc.
Provide an assessment for wealth and are important to continuing, or require
modifications to be successful.
To monitor and evaluate whether the intended goals were achieved as planned and
undertake impact assessment
4.2.6.1.2. Major Tasks and Activities
Task: Monitor and evaluate the proper undertaking of NDP preparation
Task: Implementation of the NDP plan
Task: Monitor and evaluate the proper undertaking of plan implementation
Task: Feedback and Reporting
Deliverables/ Outputs
Monitoring and Evaluation checklists.
Monitoring and Evaluation Reports
Feedback and comments reports
Responsible Body
Municipally Administration. -Regional planning Institute Bureau.
Al Sector offices -Partners (NGOs, CBOs, etc) -Community
Zone Planning office - Special Wereda Administration
Regional Urban Development & housing bureaus/Offices
TIP: - The following is main points that should be considered in monitoring and
evaluation
1. Organize the implementing institute in terms of the necessary manpower, finance
and logistics before the commencement of the task
2. Give orientations and trainings to experts, municipal officials and stakeholders
on the implementation process and strategy.
Consider all available standards, rules and regulations of the Federal or the regional
governments.
3. Clearly state the roles and responsibilities of all actors/stakeholders.
4. Make regular follow ups and provide feedbacks and solutions to problems accordingly
Chapter five
• shelter
Thanks