FIRST TRIP TO EUROPE

A.Jose Rizal left the Manila on May 3, 1882

• He left foe Spain with the blessings of his
brother Paciano and his Uncle, Antonio Rivera.
• He decided not to seek his parents blessing
they would never approve of his plan.
• He secured endorsement from Pedro Paterno.
• He first stopped in Singapore, Colombo in Sri
Lanka, Aden in Yemen and crossed the entire
length of the Suez Canal. They landed at Port
Said, Egypt, Naples in Italy and disembarked in
Marseilles, France.
B.Activities in Marseilles
• Jose Rizal went to Chateau d’lf,
the venue of Alexandre Dumas’s
novel, The Count of Monte Cristo.
• He boarded in Portbou. He noticed
of the indifference of the Spanish
immigration officers compared to
the French counterparts.
C. He arrived in Spain
I. He first stopped in Barcelona, the capital of
the Spanish province, Cataluna. According
to him, the people were indifferent and he
arrived during the summer vacation of the
student.
a. In this city, he found out that the people of
the city enjoyed freedom and liberalism.
b. He wrote essays foe Diariong Tagalog.
“Amor Patrio” (“Love of Country”)
“Los Viajes” (“Travels”)
“Revista de Mdrid” (“Review od Madrid”)
C. He met his classmate from Ateneo at the
Plaza de Cataluna.
II. Madrid
A. He enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid on November 3, 1882. he enrolled in the following
course:
 Medicine
 Philosophy and Letters
b. He took courses at the Academy of San Carlos.
 Painting and Sculpture
 Languages: French, German, and English
C. He took private lessons at the Hall of Sanz and Carbonell
 Shooting
 Fencing
d. Important people he met:
 Dr. Miguel Morayta, an advocate of freedom and self-determination. Student from
South America hailed him as their champion. He joined his student and other
suppoerters to this end.
e. Jose Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino.
• It was a social organization where the members talked on the reforms needed in the
Philippines.
• This group was mostly made up of elder Filipinos were the exiles of 1872.
• It held informal programs which included poetry reading and debates.
f. He joined freemasonry
• He became a member and his masonic name was “Dimasalang”.
• Freemansory was an organization outlawed by the Catholic Church because its beliefs are
contrary to the doctrines of the Church
• A mason’s outlook in life and adapted their view that knowledge should be achieved by the
light of reason and universal brotherhood of men.
• Masonry attacked the Church for what they believed its because thet believed it promoted
of religious superstition and obscutantism, hiding truth behid the viel of religion.
g. He was an avid book collector. He scrimped on food
and clothes, and lived in modest accommodations but
he bought books. Important books he collected:
1. Uncle Tom’s Cabin written by Harriet Beecher
Stowe
2. Works of Alexandre Dumas
3. The Wandering Jew written by Eugene Sue
4. Lives of the Presidents of the United States
5. The complete Works of Horace.
h. Events on June 25, 1884
1. Juan Luna was awarded the top prize for his painting
Spollarium while Felipe Resurreccion Hidalgo took the
second place for his painting Virgines Christianas Expueatas al
Populacho (Christian Virgins Exposed to the Population).
2. The Filipino painters joined the National exposition of Fine
Arts.
3. Jose Rizal gave a speech in a public audience saying that Luna
and Hidalgo were the pride of the Filipino people; that genius
is not a monopoly of any race and their prizes were products
of both the Philippines and Spain. He voiced the hope that,
someday, Spain will grant the reforms needed by Filipinos
4. This speech was published in the newspaper El Liberal.
This reached the Philippines and there were elements in
the Philippines who were not pleased with this
development.
i. Completion of His Studies
• He completed his Licenciado en Medicina on June 12,
1884. He did not have his Doctorate in Medicine he did not
present the thesis required for graduation. He can practice
medicine with the acquisition of this degree but he cannot
teach medicine.
• He finish his studies in Philosophy and Letters and
obtained the degree Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras with
the rating of sobresaliente.
j. He started writing the novel Noli Me Tangere when he
was still a student at the Central University of Madrid.
• He was inspired to write after reading Uncle Tom’s Cabin by
Harriet Beecher Stowe. The book is about the trial and
hardship of the black slaves and awakened in him hid
inherent love and concern for the afflicted.
• On January 2, 1884, the Filipino expatriates had a meeting
at the house of the Paterno brothers. It was during this
meeting that the Filipinos who attended agreed to write a
novel about the Phil. These were Pedro Paterno, Maximo
Paterno, Antonio Paterno, Graciano Lopes Jaena, Evaristo
Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, Julio Llorente, Valentin Diaz and
Jose Rizal.
• The plan did not materialize and Jose Rizal was left to write the novel. He started writing in
Madrid and he continued to write while he was in France and Germany. Final revisions were
made in Berlin.
• He could not afford the printing cost but was saved by his friend Maxino Viola. He lent Jose
300 peso, the needed amount for the first 2000 copies of the novel
• On March 29, 1887, the novel was printed in berlin. The first recipients of the novel were Dr.
Ferdinand Blumentritt, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Mariano Ponce,
and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo.
• As a way of showing his appreciated, he gave the original manuscript of the Noli Me
Tangere and a complimentary copy to Maxino Viola.
• Jose Rizal explained the title “Noli Me Tangere” means “Touch Me Not”. This was from the
bible , from the Gospel of St. John.
• The book was dedicated to the Philippines, his fatherland.
D. PARIS, FRANCE
• He arrived in Paris on November 1885.
• He worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert.
• He found time to be with hid friends, Pardo de Taveras, Juan Luna, and Felix Resurreccion
Hidalgo
• He posed for Juan Luna’s paintings.
• Composed songs: “Alin Mang Lahi” and “La Deportacion”.
E. GERMANY
 On February 1886, he arrived in Heidelberg. An old university town.
• He worked as an assistant to Dr. Becker at the University Eye Hospital.
• He listened to the lectures of Dr. Becker and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne.
• He wrote the poem, “To the Flowers of Heidelberg”.
• He spent his summer vacation in 1886 in Wilhelmsfeld where he lived with Protestant pastor Karl Ulmer
to perfect his ability to speak German.
 On August 1886, he arrived in Leipzig.
• He met Prof. Friedrich Ratzel and Dr. Hans Meyer who wrote a book on the Philippines.
• He translated Schiller’s William Tell to Tagalog. The book narrates how the Swiss attained their
independence in a peaceful manner.
• He translated Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales to Tagalog for his nephews and nieces.
 On October 29, 1886, he arrived in Dresden.
• He saw the painting of Raphael, the Sistine Madonna.
• At the Zoological, Anthropological and Ethnographic Museum, he saw the collection on the Philippines.
 Berlin
• He met Dr. Feodor Jagor who wrote Travels in the Philippines.
• He met Drs. Rudolf and his son, Hans Virchow, two known German anthropologists; Dr. W. Joest; and Dr.
Ernest Schweigger, a known ophthalmologist.
• He became a member of the Anthropological Society, the Ethnographic Society, and the Geographic
Society.
• He made the final revisions on the novel Noli Me Tangere. On March 29, 1887, the novel was finally
printed.
He went to Prague to visit the tomb of Nicolaus Copernicus
In Geneva, Switzerland, Maximo Voila and Jose Rizal parted ways. Viola returned to Spain while Rizal
continued to Rome, Italy, then Marseilles, France where he boarded Djemnah to Saigon, Veitnam and finally ,
Manila.
Jose Rizal Returned to Calamba
• He established a clinic and his patient was his mother.
• He worked as a town physician.
• He was called to Malacanang by Gov. Gen. Emilio Terrer0 due to the controversy raised by Noli Me Tangere.
The first copies had arrived in Manila.
• Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade was assigned to watch over Jose Rizal.
• After a review of the Noli Me Tangere, it was found out that the book was heretic, impious, unpatriotic,
subversive, and injurious to the government of Spain in the Philippines. It was recommended that the
importation, reproduction, and distribution of the book should be prohibited.
• Gov. Gen. Terrero requested Jose Rizal to leave the country.
• Investigation on the Calamba problem.
• Before leaving the Phil., he wrote the poem ”Hymn to Labor” to commemorate the elevation pf Lipa,
Batangas into a villa.
Second Leg of Jose Rizal’s Trip to Europe
 He through Asia
• He was met by Jose Ma. Basa and other Filipinos who were exiled due to the secularization issue
of 1872.
• He studied the Chinese languages, Chinese drama and theater. Chinese cultures, and Chinese
values.
• He visited Macau, a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong.
 He visited Japan
• He stayed in Yokohama.
• He studied the Japanese language, Japanese culture, theatres, martial arts, and he visited
shrines.
• On the way to the United State, on board a ship, he met Tetcho Suehiro.
• Suehiro wrote the book Dead Traveler. In this book, he described his travel from Japan to the
U.S and his association with Jose Rizal.
• He wrote another book, Storm Over the Southern Sea. This is said to be similar to Rizal’s Noli
 In the United State of America
• The entire boat was quarantined when it docked in San Francisco on April 28, 1888. the reason given was
because the boat came from a land where cholera was rampant. In reality, it was because the boat carried
several Chinese collies and laborers who accepted cheap labor, displacing the American laborers. This
situation was resolved and the passengers were allowed to disembark safely.
• He travelled westward through Reno, Utah, Colorado, Nebrasja, Chicago, Albany, and New York City.
• His comments on America:
> The United States was a progressive and prosperous country.
> There was lack of racial equality because there was racial prejudice against the blanks.
> America was a land of fairness and justice but only for the whites.
 He reached Liverpool, England on May 24,1888. immediately after his arrival, he left foe London.
• He was met by Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, also an exile of 1872. he practiced law in London.
• Jose Rizal was introduced to Dr. Reinhold Rost, the librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in England. He
was also an authority on Malay languages and customs.
 His objectives for choosing to live in London.
• To do research on Philippine history; and
• To analyze Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a rare Philippine history book available at the British
Museum.
 Works of Jose Rizal
• Letter to the Women of Malolos (published in February 1889) in Tagalog as requested by M.H del Pilar. This
letter was to honor the young ladies of Malolos who, inspite of the opposition of the parish, requested Gov.
Gen. Valeriano Weyler to give his permission to this endeavor. He finally consented to the opening of a night
school for women.
• Specimen of Tagal Folklore (published in the Asian Studies journal Trubner’s Record on May 1889).
• An article on two eastern fables which compared the Filipino fable “Monkey and Turtle” with the Japanese
fable “Monkey and the Crab”.
• He received news that Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the La Solidaridad, a fortnightly periodical of the
Propaganda.
Sculpture works:
• Prometheus Bound, Truimph of Death over Life, Triumph of Science over Death
He transferred to Paris
• He continued his research on Philippine history at the Bibliotheque Nationale or the National Library in Paris.
• He continued to work on his annotation of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. He published his
annotated version.
• He studied the French language.
• He wrote a volume of French exercises that the students of the French language may use as a yexybook or
workbook.
• He founded the Kidlat Club and the Indios Bravos. These were social clubs which aimed to rpove that the
Filipinos could excel intellectually and physically.
• He published Por Telefono. This answered Fr. Salvation Font, a Spanish friar who attacked the Noli Me
Tangere.
His Activities in Brussels
• “La Verdad Para Los Todos” or “The Truth for All People”
• “Verdades Nuevas” or “New Truths”
• “Una Profanacion” or “A Profanation”
• “Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos” or “The Philippines A Century Hence”
• “Sin Nobre” or “Without Name”
• “Sobre La Nueva”
• “Sobre La Indolgencia de los Filipinos”
 Publication of the El Filibusterismo. Like Noli Me Tangere, money wae very scarce and it was
financed by Valentin Ventura.
 He received the news that the members of his family has been deported to different places. They
also lost the agrarian case in Calamba.
Publication of El Filibusterismo
The decision to transfer to Madrid
• The case of Rizal was elevated to the Supreme court in Madrid. Rizal wanted to pay attention to
the case. The Calamba residents were forced to leave the town, their houses were burned and
more people were exiled. Including the entire Rizal family.
• He wrote a poem entitled “A Mi Musa” (“To My Muse”).
• Rivalry between Jose Rizal and M.H del Pilar
• Another group of Filipinos’ was being formed in Madrid. This was composed of disgruntled students who
viewed that the members of the Circulo Hispano Filipino were more inclined to accommodation,
moderation, and politeness toward the Spaniards than actually fighting for reforms in the Philippines.
• Another organization was formed. This was the Asosacion Hispano Filipino. It was headed by Dr. Miguel
Morayta, a Spanish professor and a Mason Grandmaster. In a meeting to decide where the direction of the
Propaganda was going, the group started with an election of the leader. There were 90 Filipino members.
An election was held and it was a contest between Jose Rizal and M.H del Pilar. For two canvassings, del
Pilar lead the votes but there was no majority. Finally, on the third attempt, Jose Rizal won but Jose chose to
leave than divide the Filipinos in Madrid. 4. Paciano, his elder brother, advised Jose not to return to the
Philippines but he compromised that Jose can to the East, near enough for his parents and relatives to visit
him but he cannot be disturbed by the Spaniards. He left for Hong Kong.
 His Productive Life in Hong Kong
• Jose Ma. Basa initially paid for his fare to Hong Kong.
• With his undesirable experience in Madrid, he decided to leave the political life in Europe and concentrate
on his endeavors.
• He applied for his license to practice medicine in Hong Kong and this was granted.
• He had reunion with his siblings and his parents. He supported them in Hong Kong.
• His friendship with Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez helped him start his practice in Hong Kong.
• He went to Sandakan, Borneo to look for an alternative place for displaced Calamba
farmers.
• Writings
• He translated The Rights of Man written in French to Tagalog. Ang Mga Karapatan ng
Tao.
• Jose Ma. Basa thought of the idea of an organized group of Filipinos toward the
attainment of the liberty of the people of the Philippines.
• Jose Rizal wrote the constitution of the organization called La Liga Filipina.
• Return to the Philippines
• He wanted to face Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol on the fate of his north Borneo project
since the governor general remained silent on Jose Rizal’s petition.
• Together with his sister Lucia, Rizal left Hong Kong and returned to Manila.
 The End Part of His Life
• On his arrival, he was met by Apolinario Mabini, Andres Bonifacio, Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano
Laktaw, Deodato Arellano, and other patriots. They met in Ilaya street and formed the La Liga Filipina (The
Filipino League).
• He took a train in Tutuban and visited Malolos, Bulacan; San Fernando Pampanga; Tarlac; and Bacoor
Pampanga.
• Handbills were found in Lucia’s pillows entitled Pobres Frailes. Jose Rizal was ordered arrested by Despujol.
• He was ordered exiled to Dapitan, North Zamboanga.
• The prisoner was handed over to Captain Ricardo Carcinero, the political military governor of Dapitan,
an isolated Spanish outpost in northen Mindanao.
• One of the passengers was Fr. Pablo Pastells S.J.
• He won in lottery with Captain carnicero and Francisco Equilor. He bought land in Talisay. He
constructed his, clinic, and a school.
• He continued to correspond and send various species of plants, animals and insects to other European
scientists.
 • Animal species named after Jose Rizal;
• Rhacophorus rizali, a frog
• Apogonia rizali, a beetle
• He constructed a huge relief map of Mindanao at the town plaza with the help of Fr. Sanchez.
• He helped in the livelihood on the people.
• He modeled an invention on a Belgian example of making bricks.
• He taught the people to run a cooperative to ensure they have an income from buying and selling
abaca and its products.
• Poems written while he was in Dapitan;
• “El Canto del Viajero”
• “A Ricardo Carnicero”
• He did an operation on his mother’s eyes.
• He studied the native medicinal plants of Dapitan so he could prescribe these to his patients.
• Mr. George Tauffer was brought to him in Dapitan with Josephine Bracken.
• Revolution broke out in Manila in 1896. Dr. Pio Valenzuela arrived in Dapitan with a blind
man, Raymundo Mata. Dr. Valenzuela imparted to Jose Rizal the intents of the revolution.
• Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt updated Jose Rizal on world events. He suggested that Rizal
volunteer his services to the Spanish government and join forces as a doctor in Cuba as a
means to end his exile.
• Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco granted Jose Rizal’s request. On July 30, 1896, he was granted a
safe conduct pass. Rizal returned to Manila on board the streamer Espana.
 His Last Trip to Europe.
• While on board the steamer Espana, awaiting another ship that will transport him to spain
and eventually to Cuba, Philippine Revolution broke out.
• He was transferred to another ship and left for Spain.
• He was arrested while cruising the Mediterranean Sea. He was imprisoned in Barcelona,
Spain and was immediately deported back to Manila.
• In Manila, he was imprisoned in Fort Santiago. He was Tied on the charges of sedition,
rebellion, and illegal association.