TENSILE STRENGTH

By:
JOEL DOMINIC B. SINATAO
WHAT IS TENSILE
STRENGTH
Tensile strength is the maximum load a
material can support without fracture when
stretched, measured in pounds per square
inch (psi). When stresses are removed, a
material returns to its original shape. When
stress exceeds tensile strength, ductile
materials form constricted necks, causing
fractures.
DEVICES TO MEASURE TENSILE
STRENGTH
Universal
Testing Extensometers Load Cells
Machine (UTM)

Digital Imaging
Strain Gauges
Systems
Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

A Universal Testing Machine (UTM) is a versatile

equipment used for conducting various mechanical tests
on materials. Its primary function is to subject a material
sample to controlled forces, enabling researchers and
engineers to determine its properties. UTMs are
commonly used in materials testing laboratories for
quality control, research, and material characterization in
industries like manufacturing, construction, and
aerospace. They can be configured for compression,
flexural, shear, and other types of testing, with
standardized procedures and specifications to ensure
consistency and comparability of results.
Extensometers

An extensometer is a crucial tool in materials testing,

measuring the deformation or strain of a specimen,
especially during tensile testing. It provides precise
measurements of a material's elongation or contraction
under a tensile load, crucial for understanding its
mechanical properties. Extensometer data is used by
researchers and engineers to analyze stress-strain
relationships, identify material characteristics, and ensure
material quality and reliability in various applications.
Load Cells

•Load cells are transducers or sensors that convert force

or load into an electrical signal. They are used in various
applications to measure force or weight, such as
industrial scales, material testing machines, and force
measurement devices. The principle behind load cells
involves deforming a material under force, converting this
strain into an electrical signal. Applications include
manufacturing, material testing, aerospace, automotive,
and healthcare. Their precision and reliability make them
essential for processes requiring accurate force or weight
measurement.
Strain Gauges

•Strain gauges are sensors used to measure the

deformation of an object, specifically in materials, in
response to an applied force. They are crucial in
engineering and materials science to quantify
deformation and stress, enabling better understanding of
material properties. Available in various shapes and sizes,
strain gauges are used in industries like aerospace,
automotive, civil engineering, and materials research.
They aid in optimizing designs, assessing structural
integrity, and ensuring material reliability.
Digital Imaging Systems

•Digital Imaging Systems are tools used in tensile testing

to capture and analyze material deformation and failure.
These systems use cameras and image analysis to provide
detailed information about strain distribution, necking,
and other deformation characteristics. They enable
researchers to visually observe and analyze material
behavior during different stages of the test, enabling the
study of phenomena like necking, localized deformation,
and failure patterns. These systems are commonly used
in research, development, aerospace, materials science,
and engineering industries.
WHY IT IS IMPORTANT
Tensile strength testing is a vital tool for researchers in various fields due to its crucial role
in understanding the mechanical properties of materials. It helps in material
characterization, quality control, material selection, product development, failure analysis,
materials science research, understanding material behavior, verification of theoretical
models, and compliance with industry standards. Tensile strength testing determines
parameters like ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elastic modulus, which are
essential for determining the mechanical behavior of materials under tensile forces. It also
aids in material selection, guiding the development of materials with enhanced strength,
durability, and performance characteristics. It also aids in failure analysis, identifying
potential weaknesses in materials, improving designs, and preventing catastrophic failures
in real-world applications. Tensile strength testing is fundamental to materials science
research, contributing to the development of advanced materials with specific
performance attributes. It also helps in validating theoretical models and ensuring
compliance with industry standards, contributing to the safety and reliability of products.