An Introduction

 Definition: Combining living matter ( whole

organism or enzymes ) with nutrients under
specific optimal conditions to make a
commercially viable product.
 Our ancestors use to make beverages using yeast
cells and cereal grains,
 Curd is another example of fermentation
 Bioprocess Technology is divided into two parts:
1. Upstream Processing
2. Downstream Processing
 The upstream part of a bioprocess refers to
the first step in which biomolecules are
grown, usually by bacterial or mammalian
cell lines in bioreactors.
 It have following stages:
1. Isolation and screening of Microorganisms
2. Inoculum Development
3. Media Optimization
4. Fermentation
 It refers to the recovery and purification of
biosynthetic products, animal or plant tissue
or fermentation broth.
 It involves following stages:
1. Removal of insolubles
- filtration, centrifugation, sedimentation,
flocculation, electro-precipitation, and gravity settling

2. Product Isolation
- Solvent extraction, adsorption, ultrafiltration,
and precipitation
3. Product Purification
- affinity, size exclusion, reversed phase
chromatography, crystallization and fractional
precipitation

4. Product Polishing
- Crystallization, desiccation, lyophilization and
spray drying
 Production of Enzymes
 Production of Antibiotics
 Used in Food Processing
 Used in Waste Management
 Used in agriculture
 Used in medical research
 Used in Pharmaceutical Development