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NDH5 - May Nhiet 2
NDH5 - May Nhiet 2
REFRIGERATORS
U Q h Qc W 0
Work done by the '
engine: W ' W Q h Qc Q h Qc
W ' Q h Q 'c Q 'c
e 1
Qh Qh Qh
Example
• An engine transfers 2.00 x 103 J of energy from a hot
reservoir during a cycle and transfers 1.50 x 103 J as
exhaust to a cold reservoir.
(A)Find the efficiency of the engine.
(B)How much work does this engine do in one cycle?
VB
Q h Q AB nRTh ln( )
VA
VC
Q'c QCD nRTc ln( )
VD
VC
Tc ln( )
Q'c VD
e 1 1
Qh V
Th ln( B )
VA
The Carnot Engine (cont.)
VC
Tc ln( )
Q'c VD
e 1 1
Qh V
Th ln( B )
VA
BC : adiabatic : TV 1 const Th VB 1 Tc VC 1
DA : adiabatic : TV 1 const Th VA 1 Tc VD 1
VB VC
VA VD
Tc
e 1
Th
Carnot
Cycle Process A B is an isothermal
expansion at temperature Th.
The gas is placed in thermal
contact with an energy reservoir
at temperature Th. During the
expansion, the gas absorbs
energy |Qh| from the reservoir
In process D -A , (Active through the base of the cylinder
Fig. 22.9d), the base of the and does work WAB in raising the
cylinder is replaced by a piston.
nonconducting wall and the
gas is compressed
adiabatically.
The temperature of the gas
increases to Th, and the
work done by the piston
on the gas is WDA.
Qc
COP(cooling mod e)
Q 'h Q c
Tc
Carnot _ cycle : COP(cooling mod e)
Th Tc
Heat Pump
heat _ delivered _ to _ hot _ reservoir Q'h
COP(heating mod e)
Work _ done _ on _ the _ heatpump W
U Q h Qc W 0
W Q h Q c Q 'h Q c
Q 'h
COP(heating mod e)
Q 'h Q c
Th
Carnot _ cycle : COP(heating mod e)
Th Tc
SUMMARY
W ' Q h Q'c Q'c
Heat engine efficiency e 1
Qh Qh Qh
Qc Qc
Re frigerator COP (cooling mod e)
W Q 'h Q c
Q 'h Q 'h
Heat pump COP(heating mod e)
W Q 'h Q c
W Q 'h Q c
Example 22.5 Efficiency of the Otto Cycle
Find the thermal efficiency of an engine operating in an idealized Otto cycle. Treat
the working substance as an ideal gas.
AB : adiabatic : Q AB 0
BC : isovolumetric : Q BC nCV (TC TB ) 0
CD : adiabatic : QCD 0
DA : isovolumetric : Q DA nCV (TA TD ) 0
Q h Q BC nCV (TC TB )
Q'c Q DA nCV (TD TA )
Q' T TA
e 1 c 1 D
Qh TC TB
AB : adiabatic : TV 1 const
TA V1 1 TBV2 1
CD : adiabatic : TV 1 const
TD V1 1 TC V2 1
V1 1 TB TC TC TB
1
V2 TA TD TD TA
1
Q'c V2
e 1 1
Qh V1